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Patronage & Power. 1400-1530. Timeline for the Italian Renaissance. 1347-1351: Black Death ravages Europe 1350-1375: Boccaccio at the height of his career 1380-1400: Chaucer inspired by Boccaccio, writes Canterbury Tales 1410: Medici Bank loans money to Baldasare Cossa
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Patronage & Power 1400-1530
Timeline for the Italian Renaissance • 1347-1351: Black Death ravages Europe • 1350-1375: Boccaccio at the height of his career • 1380-1400: Chaucer inspired by Boccaccio, writes Canterbury Tales • 1410: Medici Bank loans money to Baldasare Cossa • 1410-1435: Brunelleschi designs and supervises construction of Florence’s domed cathedral • 1435: Donatello casts the David in bronze • 1470s: Medici become de facto rulers of Florence • 1494: Medici flee Florence • 1504: Michelangelo creates his David • 1513: Medici re-capture Florence and control the papacy
Humanism1300-1600Portrait of a Humanistby Giovanni Bellinic. 1490
Giovanni Boccaccio1313-75 • Florentine poet and scholar who became close friends with Petrarch • The son of a merchant, he spent much of his youth at the court of Naples, where he developed an interest in chivalric literature and love poetry
Discuss Boccaccio • How did the Decameron reflect the culture that produced it?
What actions did Boccaccio associate with his female storytellers • One of them claimed that women need the leadership of men • A few of them went out hunting on their own • One of them played chess with one of the men • One them secretly organized amazing accommodations for them • All of the above
How did the stories depict the women? • As sexual objects who were often mistreated by men • As strong, virtuous people who put up with quite a bit of oppression • As capable of outwitting men • As naïve about the world • All of the above
How did the Decameron differ from Beowulf? • It suggested some religious toleration, and Beowulf did not • It did not depict sinfulness and its effects, but Beowulf did • It had no hero • It depicted a broader spectrum of society • It had more female characters
Final Exam Short answer Question • Explain how Boccaccio’s Decameron reflected the changing nature of social relations in the 1300s.
1407-1457 Treatise on Donation of Constantine c. 1440 Poet, philosopher, literary critic Master of classical rhetoric and grammar Worked in court of Alfonso of Naples in 1430s before becoming a papal secretary Lorenzo Valla
Machiavelli • Self taught for the most part, this Florentine thinker was highly original in his political ideas • Later in life he fell afoul of the Florentine oligarchy and was tortured • His views on politics are still widely controversial today
Pico Della Mirandola, 1463-1494 How did Pico’s “Oration” differ from the Decameron in its attitude toward humanity?
Erasmus1466-1536Translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin c. 1500Coined the phrase the philosophy of Christ
Thomas More described an ideal society in Utopiaby Hans Holbein the Youngerc. 1527
Sforza’s father was a mercenary captain before he became the Duke of Milan
What messages could patronage send to society? • The ruler was wise • The ruler was generous • The ruler was pious/religious • The ruler was favored by God • The ruler ensured God’s favor
Brunelleschi’sDome: thiscathedral solidified the Medici reputation in Florence
The Florentines did not want to imitate the French Gothic style.
Il MagnificoLorenzo de Medici became the de facto ruler of Florence during the 1470s and 1480s
Why did Renaissance rulers spend so much money on patronizing the arts? • They recognized that art could increase the awareness of humanity • They were intent on creating more beautiful world to live in • They thought such patronage could increase their prestige • They had very little else to do with all their money
Pope Leo X(Giovanni de Medici)with Future Pope Clement VII(Julio de Medici)
Discuss Boccaccio • How does it differ from chivalric literature, such as the Tale of Yonec? • Why was this work not high medieval in terms of its religious orientation? • How do the stories convey a middle-class perspective? • What parts of society did the Decameron’s characters include?
Discuss Boccaccio • Based on what you have read so far, for whom did Boccaccio write this book and why? • How does it differ from Beowulf or the readings from the High Middle Ages? • How does it reflect the culture that produced it?
