Coaching Leadership Lecture 1: The Coaching Process

1. Coaching I Leadership Lecture 1: The Coaching Process Image by ariesmale1978

2. Lesson Outcomes

3. Definitions of Leadership Leadership is… “…the behavioural process of influencing individuals and groups towards set goals” Barrow (1977) Image by tiefschwarz Leadership can be defined as... “...the process of influencing the activities of an organised group in its efforts towards goal setting and goal achievement...” (Bernstein et al., 1991) Image by Tobinator Ltd Sports

4. Behaviours of an Effective Leader Image by prismatico Demonstrate a competency in the sport Demonstrate commitment and determination Encouragement and Praise Feedback and Reinforcement Demonstrate Good Communication Skills Organisational Skills Technical and Tactical Knowledge

5. Types of Leaders – The Leader • Autocratic • -Leader retains much of the power and decision-making • Does not consult group members • Does not allow for group member input • Group members expected to follow orders • Democratic • Encourages group members to be involved in decision making • Group members kept informed • Coach still has final authority but gathers information from group members first • Laissez-Fair • - Leader provides little or no direction • Group members are given as much freedom as possible • Group must determine goals, make decisions and resolve problems Image by Chris D 73 Image by roy mac an iarla Image by benzfaqs

6. Types of Leaders – The Group • Autocratic • - New, developing players • - Members do not respond to any other leadership style • - High volume demands • There is limited time in which to make a decision • Power is challenged • Democratic • Keep group members informed about matters that affect them • Wants group members to share in decision-making duties • Encourage group members toevaluate their own performance • Laissez-Fair • Group highly skilled, experienced, and educated • Group have pride in their work and the drive to do it • Outside experts are being used • - Group are trustworthy and experienced Image by Chris D 73 Image by roy mac an iarla Image by benzfaqs

7. The Situation in Which Leadership Occurs The Goal of the Group e.g. participation, skill development, winning The External Demands Placed on the Group The Training or Competition Environment Reactive to a Specific Situation e.g. in-game tactic, resolving an issue Impact of other support staff and leaders within the team Image by ariesmale1978

8. Theories of Leadership • Trait Approach • ‘Great Man’ Theory • Leaders are born not made • Certain personality traits • Transferable leadership Image by aimlesslass • Behavioural Approach • Leaders are made not born • Focus on learned behaviours • Chelladurai (1978) proposed that good leaders change and adapt • Interactionist Approach • Combination of the two • Certain traits are indicative of effective leadership • Must be combined with appropriate learned behaviour

9. Theories of Leadership

10. The Multidimensional Model of Leadership Antecedents Leader Behaviour Consequences 1. Situational Characteristics 4. Required Behaviour 2. Leader Characteristics 5. Actual Behaviour 7. Performance and Satisfaction ò 3. Member Characteristics 6. Preferred Behaviour Image by ariesmale1978 Adapted from Chelladurai, P. (1990). Leadership in Sports: A Review. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 328-354.

11. Leadership Scale for Sports

12. Leadership Scale for Sport Research

13. Leadership Scale for Sports The Leadership Scale for Sports Image by ariesmale1978

14. Leadership Quiz

15. Evaluation • Leadership is not just about the leader’s behaviour. It is also important to consider the situation and the characteristics of the group. • There are 3 main types of leadership style. These are Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Fair. The majority of coaches and managers will demonstrate behaviours associated with each but tend to favour one style. • The Multidimensional Model of Leadership (MML) provides us with a conceptual framework for understanding leadership in sport. • The MML proposes that Performance and Athlete Satisfaction depends on the congruence between Leader Behaviour and Athlete Preferred Behaviour. • The Leadership Scale for Sports provides a tool to assess actual and preferred behaviour. • Coaches must understand all aspects of leadership in order to effectively lead a sports team.

16. Leadership Quiz

17. References Barrow, J. (1977). The variables of leadership: A review and conceptual framework. Academy of Management Review, 2, 231-251. Chelladurai, P. (1978). A contingency model of leadership in athletics. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Waterloo, Canada. Chelladurai, P. (1990). Leadership in Sports: A Review. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 328-354. Chelladurai, P., & Carron, A.V. (1983). Athletic maturity and preferred leadership. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 371-380. Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. (1978). Preferred leadership in sports. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 3, 85-92. Chelladurai, P., & Saleh, S. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports: Development of a leadership scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2, 34-45.

18. References Martin, S., Jackson, A., Richardson, P. & Weiller, K. (1999). Coaching preferences of adolescent youths and their parents. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 11, 247-262. Smoll, F., Smith, R., Curtis, B. & Hunt, E. (1978). Towards a mediational model of coach-player relationships. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 49, 528-541. Terry, P. (1984). The coaching preferences of elite athletes competing at Universiade ’83.Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 9, 201-208.    Terry, P., & Howe, B. (1984). Coaching preferences of athletes. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 9, 188-193.