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Mental Health Concepts

Explore the evolution of mental health perceptions and treatments throughout history, from magic and religion to modern research and therapy methods. Gain insights into how societal attitudes and philosophies have shaped our understanding of madness.

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Mental Health Concepts

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  1. Mental Health Concepts NUR 162 Spring 2011

  2. Caring for Psychiatric Mental Health Clients • Feelings, Concerns, Questions—What Are They?

  3. Factors Influencing Expectations Media Other? Upbringing Expectations Life experiences Culture

  4. Psychiatric Mental Health Clients • Psychiatric mental health clients are everyday, ordinary people.

  5. Factors Impacting Mental Health and Mental Illness Biological Mental Illness or Mental Health Social Cultural

  6. Mental Disorder Characteristics • Distress • Disability • Risk

  7. DSM-IV-TR • Identifies • Standardizes • Categorizes

  8. Deviance • Is it bad? • Bizarre in one cultural context; acceptable in another? • Deviant political, religious, or sexual behavior • Mental disorder- yes or no?

  9. What do these terms mean? Crazy? Berserk? Insane? Lunacy? Nervous Breakdown? Melancholy?

  10. History • Understanding and approaches to “madness” throughout history were influenced by: • Social attitudes • Philosophic viewpoints

  11. Historical Approaches • Era of Magico-Religious Explanations • Superhuman forces • Violation of taboos • Neglect of rituals • Loss of soul • Witchcraft

  12. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Organic Explanations • Imbalance in the body’s humors (Hippocrates, 4th century BCE)

  13. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Alienation • Social exclusion • Imprisonment • “Ships of fools” • “Lunacy”

  14. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Alienation • The exception: Arab belief was that the insane were divinely inspired.

  15. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Confinement • Confined • Beaten and tortured • Enormous asylums: • HôpitalGénéralde Québec is a hospital located in the tiny municipality of Notre-Dame-des-Anges, Quebec, Canada • St. Mary of Bethlehem

  16. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Moral Treatment • Emergence of reform

  17. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Moral Treatment • Reform leaders: • William Cullen • Philippe Pinel • William Tuke • Benjamin Franklin • Benjamin Rush

  18. Historical Approaches - continued • Benjamin Rush • "Father of American Psychiatry”

  19. Historical Approaches - continued • Era of Psychoanalysis • Sigmund Freud

  20. Historical Approaches - continued • Contemporary Developments • Social dimensions • Brain dysfunction • Neurochemical • Medication therapy

  21. 21st Century Research • Bases for mental disorders • Psychotropic medications • Role of nutrients, biology, and genetics

  22. Mental Health Studies • Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) • Global Burden of Disease (WHO) • U.S. Surgeon General’s Report • Healthy People 2010

  23. Healthy People 2010 • Adolescent suicide rate • Homeless adults with serious mental illness (SMI) • Relapse with eating disorders • Mental health screening • Treatment issues: Children and adults

  24. Healthy People 2010 - continued • Screening in juvenile justice • Jail diversion programs for SMI • Cultural competence issues • Services for older adults: crisis intervention, screening, treatment • Employee stress in the workplace

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