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Volcanoes: Types, Formation, and Eruptions

Learn about the different types of volcanoes, how they are formed, why they erupt, and the various types of lava. Discover the connection between tectonic plates and volcanic activity. Engage in interactive activities like drawing a volcano and creating one in the classroom.

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Volcanoes: Types, Formation, and Eruptions

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  1. A Lesson about Volcanoes

  2. WHAT ARE

  3. A volcano is an opening exposed on the earth’s surface where volcanic material (or magma—molten rock) is emitted. The volcanoe’s cone-shaped structure is build by the accumulation of lava around it’s summit. There are many types of volcanoes. Here are some examples below that demonstrate the various shapes and sizes.

  4. Volcanoes are all shapes and sizes, as we’ve seen earlier. Did you know they can be flat as well? Yes, volcanoes that are newly formed are flat. The build-up of lava over a long period of time is what creates the cone-like shape.

  5. Question: Are volcanoes only on land? Can volcanoes exist under water like in the ocean? Take a few minutes and write your thoughts in your science journal. Then discuss with a partner.

  6. So, can volcanoes exist in the ocean? YES! As you can see, volcanoes exist on land AND in the ocean. Now, how do you think volcanoes are formed?

  7. Volcanoes occur because the Earth’s crust is broken into plates that resemble a jigsaw puzzle. There are 16 major plates. These rigid plates float on a softer layer of rock in the Earth’s mantle. As the plates move about they push together or pull apart. Most volcanoes occur near the edges of these plates. When plates push together, one plate slides beneath the other. This is called a subduction zone. When the plunging plate gets deep enough inside the mantle, some of the rock on the overlying plate melts and forms magma that can move upward and erupt at the Earth’s surface. Some volcanoes can occur in the middle of plates at areas called hotspots—places where magma melts through the plate and erupts.

  8. Why do volcanoes erupt? Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. Because it is lighter than the solid rock around it, magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures in the Earth's surface. A volcanic eruption occurs! Magma that has erupted is called lava. The volcano erupts! Hot magma rises to the surface Deep in the Earth’s core is where magma is formed

  9. LAVA What is lava? Lava is the magma that has risen to the surface and is expelled by the volcano. Below are some different types of lava. Aa lava Block lava Pahoehoe

  10. Let’s Review! • What are volcanoes? • 2. Why do volcanoes erupt? • 3. What is magma? • 4. What makes a volcano? • 5. Where do volcanoes exist? • 6. What is lava? • 7. What are some types of lava? • 8. Now…

  11. Let’s draw our own volcano!! *Arts and crafts activity. Draw your own picture of a volcano and write a story about it!*

  12. Volcano activity! Now it's time to make a volcano right here in class! WOW! *Science lesson! Create a volcano right in your own classroom!*

  13. I sure hope you have enjoyed this wonderful and exciting lesson about volcanoes! Please ask your teacher to press PLAY on the VCR to watch a great movie about volcanoes and see some beautiful pictures of real live volcanoes!

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