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History of Computers

History of Computers. By Darryl Mae D. Ramoran. Four Basic Periods. Pre-Mechanical [3000BC to 1450 AD] Mechanical Age [1450 to 1840] Electromechanical Age [1840 to 1940] Electronic Age [1941 to Present]. 1.A Communication Petroglyths – refers to the sign or simple figures carved in rock.

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History of Computers

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  1. History of Computers By Darryl Mae D. Ramoran

  2. Four Basic Periods • Pre-Mechanical [3000BC to 1450 AD] • Mechanical Age [1450 to 1840] • Electromechanical Age [1840 to 1940] • Electronic Age [1941 to Present]

  3. 1.A Communication Petroglyths – refers to the sign or simple figures carved in rock. Pictographs – pictures or sketches that usually resemble that which is depicted. Ideographs – symbols to represent ideas or concept. Cuneiform – the first true written language and the first real information system. 1. Pre-Mechanical Age (3000 BC to 1450 AD)

  4. 1B Input technology Stylus – used to scratch marks in wet clay. Papyrus plant – where the Egyptian wrote their idea. 1C. Output technology *Books *Scrolls *Folded sheets of papyrus

  5. 1D. Numbering System *Egyptian System 1-9 Vertical lines 10 – U or circle 100 – Coiled Rope 1000 – lotus blossom *Hindus System created a nine digit numbering system *875 AD concept of zero was developed

  6. The Abacus (c. 3000 BC)

  7. 2. Mechanical Age [1450 – 1840] • Johann Gutenberg

  8. Napier’s Bones andLogarithms (1617) Picture courtesy IBM

  9. Oughtred’s (1621) and Schickard‘s (1623]slide rule

  10. Blaise Pascal’sPascaline (1645)

  11. Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz’sStepped Reckoner (1674)

  12. Joseph-Marie Jacquard and his punched card controlled looms (1804)

  13. Charles Babbage (1791-1871)The Father of Computers

  14. Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine

  15. Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine

  16. Lady Augusta AdaCountess of Lovelace Read Lady Augusta Ada’s translation of Menabrea’s Sketch of the Analytical Engine

  17. 3.Electro-mechanical [1840 -1940] Voltaic Battery by Alessandro Volta Telegraph by Samuel F. B. Moore

  18. Telephone and Radio • Alexander Graham Bell • “Watson, Come here, I want you” • Electrical Waves • Discovered by Guglielmo Monica • Boolean Algebra • Developed by George Boole

  19. Herman Hollerith and hisCensus Tabulating Machine (1884)

  20. A closer look at the Census Tabulating Machine

  21. 4.Electronic Age [1941 to Present • Z3 – first programmable computer ; built by Konrad Zuse.

  22. The Harvard Mark I (1944)aka IBM’s Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)

  23. John Vincent Atanasoff (1903-1995) Physics Prof At Iowa State University, Ames, IA

  24. Clifford Berry (1918-1963) PhD student of Dr. Atanasoff’s

  25. 1939The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) The ABC was the first electronic digital computer, invented by John Vincent Atanasoff

  26. First Generation • Vacuum tubes as their main logic units • Punch cards to input externally store data • Rotating magnetic drums for internal storage of data and programs The Enigma Machine

  27. 1946The ENIAC -John Presper Eckert (1919-1995) and John Mauchly (1907-1980)

  28. The ENIAC:Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

  29. Programming the ENIAC

  30. ENIAC’s Wiring! John Von Neumann John Von Neumann came up with the bright idea of using part of the computer’s internal memory (called Primary Memory) to “store” the program inside the computer and have the computer go get the instructions from its own memory, just as we do with our human brain.

  31. 1951Univac Typical 1968 prices—EX-cluding maintenance & support!

  32. Second Generation • Vacuum tubes – replaced by transistors • Punched card – replaced by Magnetic disks and tapes • Magnetic cores strung in wire within the computer became the primary internal storage technology

  33. Transistor gave way to the parallel processor or multiprogramming • COBOL – developed by Grace Hopper • DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) -Ken Olsen; released the first minicomputer – Programmed Data Processor - 8 (PDP-8) • BASIC – Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. • developed by Thomas Kurtz and John Kemeny.

  34. Third Generation • Transistors were replaced by Integrated Circuit • Magnetic disks and tapes completely replace punch cards as external storage device • Magnetic core internal memories gave way to Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS)

  35. ARPANET is set up which later become INTERNET -Advanced Research Projects Agency Network • Intel was founded by Robert Noyce

  36. Fourth Generation • Microprocessor– is an integrated circuit built on a tiny piece of silicon • First designer of tiny computer is the Intel • Altair 8080 – first personal computer developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systemsor (MITS) • Apple II – the first computer come in a plastic case and include color graphics. • Visicalc- the first spreadsheet program • Wordstar – the first microcomputer word processor

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