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Industrial risk: main issues (Scira Menoni, Politecnico di Milano). A relevant problem of planning is that everything has to be done so quickly .… My experience is that the overall time of design and implementation is shorter if there is enough time to think to the entire project
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Industrial risk: main issues (Scira Menoni, Politecnico di Milano)
A relevant problem of planning is that everything has to be done so quickly .… My experience is that the overall time of design and implementation is shorter if there is enough time to think to the entire project (M. Andersson, Swedish Railway Adm.)
Accidents menacing people, houses, infrastructures Contamination of neighborhoods, rural areas… Groundwater contamination/toxic release Air pollution/toxic cloud
Chemical risk Contamination * Delayed * Long term effects * Chronic/degenerative effects Severe accident * Sudden * Acute effects * Explosion/fires/release * Accident during hazmat transportation
Contamination risk: epidemiological studies Exposure and vulnerability * Exposure factors * Individual susceptibility (cancerogenic markers) Hazard * Toxic substances * Context conditions must be considered: geological, metereological…
Reference legislation in the EU • Seveso Directive II: 96/82/CEE 2. Seveso Directive III: 2003/105/EC 3. D.lgs 334/1999 eD.lgs 238/2005 4. DM 151, 9/5/2001
Seveso Directive II: 96/82/CEE e DGL 334/1999; Seveso Directive III: 2003/105/EC e Dlgs 238/2005 • Safety management and policy in the firm • Control over land uses • Right to be informed • External emergency plan
Classification of plants * Plants subject to safety report * Plants subject to notification only
Probabilistic risk analysis R= H* V*E Scenarios: choosing a specific event and its characteristics Difference between probabilistic risk analysis and scenario approach Vulnerabity Hazard Risk
P1 P2 P3 A way to bring scenario approaches closer to probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)
Hazard analysis: - probability of each scenario; - Analysis of types of failures in the plant - Chain of failures
Vulnerability assessment: • Other plants (domino effects); • lifelines (domino effects); • transportation networks;
Vulnerability assessment: • - Public buildings; • - Dwellings; • - Population
Differences between Seveso I and II • Seveso I • Need to make hazardous installations safer (inspection, technical devices) • Internal emergency plan • Citizens’ right to know • Seveso II Seveso 1 + • Safety policy in the plant • Focus from inside to outside: • Domino effects; • Land use planning • External emergencyplants
And last but not least: brownfield cleaning up (DM 447/1999)