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Trunk and VTP. 深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业. 教学目标( Objectives ). 1. Trunk 概念( Trunking Concepts ) 2. Trunk 操作( Trunking Operation ) 3. VTP 模式( VTP Modes ) 4. VTP 怎样工作( How VTP Works ) 5. 配置 VTP ( Configuring and Verifying VTP ) 6. 配置和验证 Trunk ( Configuring and Verifying Trunk ).
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Trunk and VTP 深圳职业技术学院计算机系网络专业
教学目标( Objectives) • 1. Trunk 概念(Trunking Concepts) • 2. Trunk 操作(Trunking Operation) • 3. VTP模式(VTP Modes) • 4. VTP怎样工作(How VTP Works) 5. 配置VTP( Configuring and Verifying VTP) • 6. 配置和验证Trunk(Configuring and Verifying Trunk)
Trunk 概念(Trunking Concepts) • 1.Trunk是两个交换机之间网络信息传递的物理和逻辑的连接 • A trunk is a physical and logical connection between two switches across which network traffic travels. • 2.一个Trunk就是支持传递多个VLAN信息的点到点的链路 • A trunk is a point-to-point link that supports several VLANs. • 3.Trunk的目的是保留端口。 • The purpose of a trunk is to conserve ports. • 4.Trunk将在一个物理链路上绑定多个虚链路,从而在两台交换机之间允许在单一物理链路上传输多个VLAN的信息Trunking will bundle multiple virtual links over one physical link by allowing the traffic for several VLANs to travel over a single cable between the switches.
Trunk 操作(Trunking Operation) • 1.Trunk机制有两种,帧过滤和帧标记,帧标记被IEEE标准化 • Currently two types of trunking mechanisms exist, frame filtering and frame tagging. Frame tagging has been adopted as the standard trunking mechanism by IEEE. • 2.帧标记在帧中插入标识符,这样可以更容易管理 • Trunking protocols that use a frame tagging mechanism assign an identifier to the frames to make their management easier. • 3.在以太网中,帧标记有两种方案 • Tagging schemes for Ethernet segments : ISL – Cisco私有(Cisco proprietary Inter-Switch Link protocol) 802.1Q – IEEE标准(IEEE standard )
VLANs and Trunking Trunk 提供了在一个网络内的交换机之间高效的通信
VLAN Trunk 协议(VLAN Trunking Protocol) • 1.VTP是一个通告VLAN信息的信息系统 • A messaging system that advertises VLAN configuration information • 2.VTP维护整个管理域VLAN信息的一致性 • Maintains VLAN configuration consistency throughout a common administrative domain • 3.VTP仅在Trunk端口上发送通告 • VTP sends advertisements on trunk ports only VTP Domain “szpt” 3.同步到最新的VLAN信息(Sync to the latest vlan information) 2 1.有新VLAN加入(“new vlan added”)
VTP模式(VTP Modes) • 创建(Create vlans) • 修改(Modify vlans) • 删除(Delete vlans) • 发送或转发通告(Sends/forwards advertisements) • 同步(Synchronize) • 保存(Saved in NVRAM) Server • 转发通告(Forwards advertisements) • 同步(Synchronize) • 不包存(Not saved in NVRAM) • 创建(Create vlans) • 修改(Modify vlans) • 删除(Delete vlans) • 转发通告(forwards advertisements) • 不同步(does notSynchronize) • 保存(Saved in NVRAM) Client Transparent
VTP怎样工作(How VTP Works) • VTP通告以组播帧发送 • VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames • VTPserver和client同步到最新的配置版本号 • VTP servers and clients synchronized to latest revision number • VTP通告在变化时,或者每5分钟发送 • VTP advertisement are sent every five minutes or when there is a change
VTP怎样工作(How VTP Works) • VTP通告以组播帧发送 • VTP advertisements are sent as multicast frames • VTPserver和client同步到最新的配置版本号 • VTP servers and clients synchronized to latest revision number • VTP通告在变化时,或者每5分钟发送 • VTP advertisement are sent every five minutes or when there is a change 1.Add new VLAN 2.Rev 3 --> Rev 4 Server 3 3 4.Rev 3 --> Rev 4 5.Sync new vlan info 4.Rev 3 --> Rev 4 5.Sync new vlan info Client Client
配置VTP(VTP Configuration) • 配置Trunk接口 • (Enable trunking) • 配置VTP域名 • (VTP domain name) • 指定VTP模式 • (VTP mode (server/client/transparent)—VTP server mode is the default) • VTP密码(VTP password)
创建VTP域(Creating a VTP Domain) sw1#vlan database sw1(vlan)#vtp domain cisco VTP domain cisco modified sw1(vlan)#vtp server sw1(vlan)#vtp password cisco sw1(vlan)#exit APPLY completed.
验证VTP配置(Verifying VTP Configurations) Sw1#show vtp status
定义Trunk(Defining a Trunk) sw2(config)#int f0/12 sw2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk sw2(config-if)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
验证Trunk(Verifying a Trunk) sw2#show interfaces trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/12 on 802.1q trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/12 1-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Fa0/12 2,3 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Fa0/12 2,3
思考题(Questions) • 1. Trunk有怎样的特征? • 2. 使用Trunk有什么好处? • 3. Trunk有哪两种机制? • 4. 帧标记有哪两种方案? • 5. 什么是VTP? • 6. VTP有几种模式?每种模式的特征是什么? • 7. VTP是怎样工作的?