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D) Trunk. = Belly. E) Wing. 2. Regions of the Wing: Brachium, Antebrachium, Manus. Fig. 1.8 in Podulka et al. 2004. Bones of the Wing:. Fig. 1.7 in Podulka et al. 2004. Wing Covering: Humeral Patagium, Patagium, Postpatagium. Fig. 1-9 in Podulka et al. 2004.
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D) Trunk = Belly
E) Wing 2
Regions of the Wing: Brachium, Antebrachium, Manus Fig. 1.8 in Podulka et al. 2004
Bones of the Wing: Fig. 1.7 in Podulka et al. 2004
Wing Covering: Humeral Patagium, Patagium, Postpatagium Fig. 1-9 in Podulka et al. 2004
Feather Regions of the Upper Wing (and Adjacent Areas) Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
Feather Regions of the Under Wing (and Adjacent Areas) Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
Upper Wing Covert Nomenclature Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
Prairie Falcon Peregrine Falcon 1 3
Patagial Marks 23 9 Red-Tailed Hawk
WING BARS Eastern Phoebe Western Wood Pewee 11 12
Mallard American Black Duck
Speculum 22
Peregrine Falcon Red-Tailed Hawk 14 13 Red Grouse
F) TAIL Fig. 1-10 in Podulka et al. 2004
Rounded Wedge-Shaped American Crow Common Raven 27 28
Square (= Truncate) Rounded 29 Sharp-Shinned Hawk 28 Cooper’s Hawk
Rounded versus Graduated Fig. 1-18 in Podulska et al. 2004
Graduated 35 34 Yellow-Billed Cuckoo
Notched (= Emarginate) 30 Pine Siskin
Forked 31 33 32 Magnificent Frigatebird
Pointed 36 35 Mourning Dove
Upper Tail Coverts 37 38 Northern Harrier
Upper Tail Coverts 40 39 Lucy’s Warbler
Under Tail Coverts (= Crissum) 41 Canyon Towhee Crissal Thrasher 42
Woodpecker Rectrices Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker 43 44
Regions of the Hind Leg: Thigh, Crus, Foot 45 Fig. 1-11 in Podulska et al. 2004
Bones of the Hind Leg Fig. 1-11 in Podulska et al. 2004
Relative Lengths of Tibiotarsus and Tarsometarsus Fig. 1-8 in Gill 1990
PERCHING Fig. 1-14 in Podulka et al. 2004
Podotheca Types Fig. 1-19 in Podulka et al. 2004
Primitive Terrestrial Tetrapod Foot Fig. 1-12 in Podulka et al. 2004
TOE ARRANGEMENTS Fig. 1-20 in Podulka et al. 2004
Anisodactyl 61 52
Syndactyl 55
63 56 57 62
Heterodactyl 58
Pamprodactyl 60 59
Foot Diversity Fig. 1-21 in Podulka et al. 2008
47 48