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AP Psychology 12 Unit 1 Psychology’s History and Approaches

This article examines the roots of psychology, combining ancient philosophies and modern biology to explain the development of the field. It discusses influential figures and schools of thought, such as Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, and Humanistic psychology. Furthermore, it explores contemporary perspectives and subfields within psychology.

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AP Psychology 12 Unit 1 Psychology’s History and Approaches

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  1. AP Psychology 12Unit 1Psychology’s History and Approaches 1) Where did Psychology Start? Why? 2) How do we as Psychologists explain human behaviour? 3) What are the contemporary approaches (or points of view/perspectives) we use to try and explain behaviour? Which ones make most sense to you?

  2. Psychology’s RootsPrescientific Psychology • Ancient Greeks • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle = ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY - Ideas around the mind/thinking

  3. Psychology’s RootsPrescientific Psychology • Rene Descartes • Francis Bacon • John Locke • Tabula Rasa (blank slate) • Renaissance doctors, enlightenment • Empiricism = MODERN BIOLOGY

  4. So… Where did Psychology come from? Ancient Philosophies + Modern Biology = PSYCHOLOGY By the year 1900 we had famous early Psychologists including Freud, Pavlov, Watson, Titchener, James, Calkins, Washburn and more!

  5. Psychology’s RootsPsychological Science is Born • Wilhelm Wundt (1879) • University of Leipzig • Reaction time experiment: testing the speed of the ‘atoms of the mind’ and using the scientific method to replicate results. • FIRST PSYCH EXPERIMENT!

  6. Psychology’s RootsThinking About the Mind’s Structure • Edward Titchener • StructuralismAn early school of psychology that used introspectionto explore the structural elements of the human mind. Introspection- self reflection and self analysis

  7. Psychology’s RootsThinking About the Mind’s Function • William James • Functionalism • a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. • Mary Calkins • Margaret Floy Washburn • Experimental psychology - Scientific method

  8. Psychological Science Develops • Sigmund Freud – 1900dream theory, unconscious, personality, psychodynamic theory

  9. Psychological Science Develops • Behaviorism • “study of observable behavior” • Learning by observing • John B. Watson • B.F. Skinner • Thorndike

  10. Psychological Science Develops • Humanistic psychology • Carl Rogers • Abraham Maslow * be the best human you can be  GROWTH! • Cognitive NeuroscienceHow thinking and the brain work together.

  11. Psychological Science Develops • Psychology: • Science • Behavior • Mental processes

  12. Contemporary Psychology2019/2020

  13. Psychology’s Biggest Question • Nature – Nurture Issue • Biology versus experience • History • Greeks • Rene Descartes • Charles Darwin • Natural selection

  14. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

  15. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

  16. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

  17. Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

  18. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives • Biological psychology • Evolutionary psychology • Psychodynamic psychology • Behavioral psychology • Cognitive psychology • Humanistic psychology • Social-cultural psychology

  19. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  20. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  21. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  22. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  23. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  24. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  25. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  26. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  27. Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

  28. Psychology’s Subfields • Psychometrics • Basic Research • Developmental psychology • Educational psychology • Personality psychology • Social psychology

  29. Psychology’s Subfields • Applied Research • Industrial/organizational psychology • Human factors psychology • Counseling psychology • Clinical psychology • Psychiatry

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