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APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN DAILY LIFE: A RESEARCH-BASED PRESENTATION

APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN DAILY LIFE: A RESEARCH-BASED PRESENTATION Shirley Telles MBBS, Ph.D. (Neurophysiology) shirleytelles@gmail.com. Director, Patanjali Research Foundation PATANJALI YOGPEETH, HARIDWAR, INDIA (www.patanjaliresearchfoundation.com). Some definitions of Yoga.

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APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN DAILY LIFE: A RESEARCH-BASED PRESENTATION

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  1. APPLICATIONS OF YOGA IN DAILY LIFE: A RESEARCH-BASED PRESENTATION Shirley Telles MBBS, Ph.D. (Neurophysiology) shirleytelles@gmail.com Director, Patanjali Research Foundation PATANJALI YOGPEETH, HARIDWAR, INDIA (www.patanjaliresearchfoundation.com)

  2. Some definitions of Yoga Yoga is the process of gaining mastery over modifications of the mental state Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras(Circa 900 B.C.) Yoga is the skill to calm the mind Yoga Vasista (Ancient; Circa 3700 B.C. + earlier ) Yoga is equilibriumBhagavad Gita (Ancient; Sacred Text)

  3. The ancient sages of India and Then why do experiments?

  4. QUESTIONS • Are the effects seen in the laboratory the same as those described in ancient texts? • What are the effects of a particular practice? • Once we know the effects how can we apply it? • In daily life – at school, at work • In rehabilitation • In health

  5. SCIENTIFIC TECHNIQUES USED

  6. ENERGY EXPENDITURE

  7. AUTONOMIC VARIABLES A volunteer seated in a sound attenuated cabin

  8. AUTONOMIC VARIABLES

  9. Heart Rate Variability

  10. Improved adaptation to differing requirements Adaptation: The ability to increase the rate when required – The ability to decrease the rate when required –

  11. EVOKED POTENTIALS AND EEG

  12. DO CERTAIN PRACTICES INCREASE THE BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN? Detector Light Source

  13. FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (fMRI)

  14. NEW TECHNIQUES NEW TECHNIQUES

  15. IMPORTANCE OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

  16. OLD TECHNIQUES OBSERVATION, INTROSPECTION • Use of paper & pencil tests, simple equipment • Importance of individual reports • Interviews, structured & un-structured

  17. TYPES OF QUESTIONS ASKED IN YOGA RESEARCH

  18. QUESTIONS • Are the effects seen in the laboratory the same as those described in ancient texts? • What are the effects of a particular practice? • Once we know the effects how can we apply it? • In daily life – at work, at school • In rehabilitation • In health

  19. Physiology of Pranayamas Right uninostril breathing Left uninostril breathing and Alternate nostril breathing (nadisuddhi pranayama)

  20. “Doing peaceful work, obtaining nourishment, collecting grain…..the best actions to perform during the flow through the left swara (nostril?)..”“Studying the scriptures, journeying , hunting, controlling an elephant….during the flow through right swara (nostril?)”Swara Yoga (Shiva Swarodaya); Verse 105, Verse 123 FROM THE ANCIENT TEXTS

  21. Right nostril breathing (Surya anuloma viloma) Oxygen consumption Blood pressure Brain functions on the right side BioPsychosocial Medicine, 2011 Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 2008 Neurol Sci, 2004 Psychol Reports, 1997 J Alt Comp Med, 1996 Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1994

  22. APPLICATIONS Young obese Slow learners Depression (?)

  23. Left nostril breathing (Chandra anuloma viloma) Blood pressure Imperceptible sweating (Skin Resistance) Neurol Sci, 2004 Psychol Reports, 1997 J Alt Comp Med, 1996 Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1994

  24. APPLICATIONS Anxiety Insomnia

  25. Alternate nostril breathing (Anulom-Vilom pranayama)appears to increase balance

  26. ANULOM-VILOM PRANAYAMA – most useful, scientifically proven Persons with hypertension doing a task Medical Science Monitor, 2013

  27. BALANCING THE LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES OF THE BRAIN

  28. Hence in many cases the descriptions in the ancient texts can be correlated with present day research

  29. QUESTIONS • Are the effects seen in the laboratory the same as those described in ancient texts? • What are the effects of a particular practice? • Once we know the effects how can we apply it? • In daily life – at work, at school • In rehabilitation • In health

  30. MEDITATION techniques studied • Transcendental Meditation • Brahmakumaris Raja Yoga • Meditation on OM • Vipassana meditation • Single thought state

  31. Hence meditation is… • A state of alertful rest • Sensory perception is enhanced and more accurate • Physiological arousal is decreased EFFECT OF MEDITATION ON SLEEP?

  32. WHOLE NIGHT POLYSOMNOGRAPHY TYPES OF SLEEP

  33. Hence Meditation: • Improves Slow Wave Sleep • Decreases REM/ Dream sleep • Reduces arousal during REM/ Dream sleep • Medical Science Monitor, 2009 • Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback, 2009

  34. QUESTIONS • Are the effects seen in the laboratory the same as those described in ancient texts? • What are the effects of a particular practice? • Once we know the effects how can we apply it? • In daily life – at work, at school • In rehabilitation • In health

  35. AFTER WORKING OUT THE EFFECTS, APPLICATIONS OF PRACTICE • Daily life • Rehabilitation • Therapy

  36. DAILY LIFE • SCHOOL CHILDREN • ADULT OFFICE WORKERS

  37. EFFECT OF YOGA PRACTICE IN SCHOOL CHILDREN: a randomized controlled trial Doon School, Haridwar, India Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2013

  38. SCHOOL CHILDREN: EFFECT OF YOGA AND PHYSICAL EXERCISE Yoga Physical Exercise WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES? Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2013

  39. MEASURE OF EMOTIONAL STABILITY Self Esteem Inventory PARENTAL SELF-ESTEEM GENERAL SELF-ESTEEM P.E. Y YOY Y YO YO P.E. Y

  40. PROFESSIONAL COMPUTER USERS

  41. Professional computer users showed: • Decreased stress related to using a computer • Decreased somatization of stress • Decreased visual and musculoskeletal discomfort Work, 2009 Medical Science Monitor, 2006 Journal of Modern Optics, 2006 Head and Face Medicine, 2006

  42. REHABILITATION

  43. Categories of people who received yoga as an intervention • Children with muscular dystrophy • Children with congenitally impaired vision • Adolescent girls in a state remand home • A geriatric population • Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

  44. DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: AN 18 MONTH FOLLOW-UP STUDY: YOGA AND AYURVEDA Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 2011

  45. CHILDREN WITH IMPAIRED VISION

  46. CHILDREN WITH IMPAIRED VISION

  47. Children with impaired vision: Yoga vs. Gardening (3 weeks follow-up) fear Improves existing abilities (e.g., hearing) International Journal of Rehabilitation and Health, 1999. International Journal of Neuroscience, 1997, 1998. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1998.

  48. ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A REMAND HOME

  49. ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN A REMAND HOME …..Have you thought why kids become like this?

  50. 1. Improves behavior with supervisors, peers 2. Performance in various skilled activities (possible use in vocational training) 3. Reduces psychophysiological arousal Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1997. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1997. Adolescents in a remand home: effects of 6 months of yoga practice

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