The Pharyngeal Apparatus – face, nasal cavities, mouth

1. The Pharyngeal Apparatus – face, nasal cavities, mouth 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/~chenjr/index.htm

4. 4 pairs pharyngeal arches

5. arch groove Pharyngeal arch: component External : pharyngeal groove Internal : pharyngeal cleft (pouch) Neural crest cell  mesenchyme in the head and neck

6. Day 32 Day 33 Day 41

7. Pharyngeal arch cartilage

8. 1st pharyngeal arch • Maxillary prominence • Maxillary, zygomatid, squamous part of temporal bone • Mandibular prominence • Madibular bone, malleus, incus

9. Cartilaginous rod

10. 鼓舌軟骨 莖狀舌骨 上舌骨 角舌骨 甲狀軟骨 基舌骨

11. Aortic arch vessels

12. Muscular component of pharyngeal arch

14. Nerve: special visceral afferent nerves of cranial nerves

16. Pharyngeal pouch咽囊 耳咽隱窩 pharynx 5 wk 6 wk Ultimopharyngeal body  parafollicular cell 終咽體

17. Pharyngeal pouch 7 wk Pharyngotympanic tube Palatine tonsil Tubotympanic recess • Pharyngotympanic tube • Auditory tube • Tympanic cavity • Mastoid antrum Superior parathyroid gland Inferior parathyroid gland Thymus Ultimopharyngeal body

18. 終咽體

19. Pharyngeal groove: • 1st pharyngeal groove  external acoustic meatus • 2nd pharyngeal groove  cervical sinus • -> external branchial sinus外鰓竇or brachial fistula鰓瘻管 Pharyngeal membrane: • 1st pharyngeal membrane  tympanic membrane

20. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管

21. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管 內鰓竇 外鰓竇

22. Branchial cyst鰓囊腫

23. Branchial cyst鰓囊腫

24. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管

25. Branchial fistulas鰓瘻管

26. Branchial vestiges鰓遺跡

27. Development of the thyroid gland 4 wk 甲狀腺憩室 5 wk 甲狀腺舌管

28. 6 wk adult

31. Thyroglossal duct cyst甲狀腺舌管囊腫: Anomalies during descent of the developing thyroid gland

32. Thyroglossal duct cyst甲狀腺舌管囊腫

33. Ectopic thyroid gland 異位性的甲狀腺

34. Development of Tongue Tongue bud distal 咽下隆突

35. 舌芽 咽下隆突

36. Development of Tongue

37. Microglossia 小舌畸形

38. Macroglossia巨舌畸形

39. Glossoschisis 舌分裂

40. Papillae and taste buds Lingual papillae – 8th wk Filiform papillae Foliate papillae Fungiform papillae Circumvallate papillae Taste bud味蕾– 11th -13th wk - induced by the epithelial cells of the tongue & gustatory nerve cells (chorda tympani, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves) - on dorsal surface (most), palatoglossal arches, palate, post. surface of the epiglottis, post. wall of the oropharynx

41. Nerve supply of tongue Sensory: ant. 2/3 to mucosa – trigeminal nerve (CN V- 1st pharyngeal arch) ant. 2/3 to taste buds – facial n. (CN VII,2nd pharyngeal arch) post. 1/3 - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, 3rd pharyngeal arch) (CN X, 4th pharyngeal arch, anterior to the epiglottis) Motor: All muscles except palatoglossus – hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

43. Development of Salivary gland 6-7 wks, from the primordial oral cavity

44. Development of face: 1st pharyngeal arch 4-8 wks, human appearance 5 facial primordia臉原基 single frontonasal prominence (FNP) forehead rostral boundary of the stomodeum, primordial mouth, nose paired maxillary prominences upper cheek & most of the upper lip paired mandibular prominences chin, lower lip, lower cheek

45. Development of face: 4-8 wks, human appearance 5 facial primordia

46. Development of face: Nasal lacrimal duct

47. Development of Nasal cavity Nasal plate

48. Development of Nasal cavity Medial nasal prominences Lateral nasal prominences Nasal pit

50. Nasal septum Primary palate: philtrum