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M7.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 26, 2015

M7.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 26, 2015. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . EARTHQUAKES ARE A GLOBAL NATURAL HAZARD. FLOODS SEVERE WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES DROUGHTS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ETC.

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M7.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 26, 2015

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  1. M7.5 EARTHQUAKE STRIKES AFGHANISTAN OCTOBER 26, 2015 Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. EARTHQUAKES ARE A GLOBAL NATURAL HAZARD • FLOODS • SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARTHQUAKES • DROUGHTS • VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS • ETC.

  3. EARTHQUAKES are small to awesome manifestations of energy released in the form of seismic waves and tsunamis as tectonic plates of the Earth’s crust slowly converge, diverge, or slide by each other

  4. EARTHQUAKES OCCUR MAINLY AT PLATE BOUNDARIES

  5. THE COLLISION OF THE INDO-AUSTRIALIA AND EURASIAN PLATES CAUSES EARTHQUAKES

  6. OCTOBER 26, 2015: THE TECTONIC PLATES IN THE VICINITY OF AFGHANISTAN THAT HAVE BEEN MOVING FOR 200 MILLION YEARS MOVED ONCE AGAIN

  7. KEY ASPECTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE • The U.S. Geological Survey said the epicenter was in the far northern Afghan province of Badakhshan, which borders Pakistan, Tajikistan and China. • The quake was 213 kilometers (130 miles) deep and the epicenter was 73 kilometers (45 miles) south of the provincial capital, Fayzabad.

  8. NOTE:THE DEPTH OF THE EARTHQUAKE FOCUS—213 KM– NOT 10 KM AS IN THE 2005 KASHMIRE EARTHQUAKE, KEPT THE DISASTER FROM BEING EVEN WORSE

  9. LOCATION OF EARTHQUAKE

  10. AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN

  11. IMPACTS OF THE EARTHQUAKE • The death toll, which reached at least 340 late Monday, is expected to rise sharply.  • In Pakistan, at least 228 people were killed, with more than 1,000 injured, • The corresponding tolls in Afghanistan were lower, but included 12 school girls who died in a stampede .

  12. TSUNAMI FAULT RUPTURE DAMAGE/ LOSS TECTONIC DEFORMATION DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS FOUNDATION FAILURE EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE/ LOSS SITE AMPLIFICATION DAMAGE/ LOSS LIQUEFACTION DAMAGE/ LOSS LANDSLIDES DAMAGE/ LOSS DAMAGE/LOSS AFTERSHOCKS DAMAGE/ LOSS SEICHE DAMAGE/ LOSS GROUND SHAKING

  13. NOTE: GROUND SHAKING WILL CAUSE A DISASTER WHEN IT INTERACTS WITH VULNERABLE AND UNPROTECTED BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN A NATION’S COMMUNITIES

  14. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  15. Afghanistan’s and Pakistan’s armies led the initial search and rescue and response operations after the earthquake

  16. AFGHANISTAN: TAHKAR PROVINCE

  17. PAKISTAN

  18. PAKISTAN

  19. PAKISTAN

  20. PAKISTAN: SOLDIER LOADING RELIEF SUPPLIES

  21. PAKIISTAN DECLARED THAT IT DID NOT NEED INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE The impacts in Pakistan were far less severe than in the October 2005 earthquake that killed 78,000

  22. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 8:52 AM SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2005 M7.6 10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH 78,000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN COLLAPSED BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS, AND HOSPITALS HOMELESS

  23. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCEIN AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTANA Paradigm Shift That Will Improve the Quality of Life in Afghanistan and Pakistan

  24. Disaster resilience, which is the capacity of a country to rebound quickly after the socioeconomic impacts of a disaster, requires decision-making for a national paradigm shift from the status quo.

  25. AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN ARE PRONE TO • EARTHQUAKES

  26. WHEN A COUNTRY IS DISASTER PRONE, CONTINUATION OF THE STATUS QUO Will result in new and more complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in unnecessary DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in longer and more costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

  27. WHAT DO WE KNOW? • Disaster resilience has become an urgent global goal in the 21st century as many Nations are experiencing disasters after a natural hazard strikes, and learning that their communities, institutions, and people do NOT yet have the capacity to be disaster resilient.

  28. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN PAKISTAN • Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge • Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity • Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to Disaster Resilience

  29. NOTE: Step 1 is a task to integrate everything we know or think we know about Pakistan’s earthquakes into professional practice

  30. NOTE: Step 2 is a task for a Nation’s “Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine,” its educational institutions at all levels, and its electronic and print media that provide public information

  31. NOTE: Step 3 is a task for a Nation’s “decision-makers,” (i.e., its political leaders, stakeholders, and leading professionals) who have a basis for deciding on the nature and scope of a national paradigm shift

  32. THINKING ABOUT THE FUTURE REGIONAL EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE: AN IMPOSSIBLE DREAM, OR IS IT?

  33. PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EM RESPONSE • RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE • MONITORING • HAZARD MAPS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION YOUR COMMUNITY HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  34. RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION after the AFGHANISTAN EARTHQUAKE OFOCTOBER 26, 2015 CHOOSING OPTIONS THAT WILL FACILITATE LONG-TERM RECOVERY

  35. LONG-TERM RECOVERY NEEDS IN REGION • NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. • NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. • NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. • NEED: INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

  36. GOAL • TO MARSHAL AND INTEGRATE THE REGIONALSTAPLE FORCES,.. • …GIVING ALL SECTORS EQUITY IN DESIGN PROCESSES FOR BECOMING EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.

  37. TO BECOME RESILIENT TO GROUND SHAKING, LANDSLIDES, AND AFTERSHOCKS TO ADOPT AND IMPLEMENT PUBLIC POLICY MANDATES FOR PREVENMTION, MITIGATION, PREPAREDNESS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION OBJECTIVES

  38. USE STATE-OF-ART TOOLS FOR ASSESSING HAZARDS AND RISK (E.G., GROUND SHAKING MAPS AND HAZUS) USE PROVEN TECHNOLOGY FOR REDUCING VULNERABILITY IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT (E.G., ENERGY DISSIPATION) PROCEDURES

  39. INCREASED PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPROVED PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING EXPANDED MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT FOR EXISTING STRUCTURES EXPANDED INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROCESSES FOR BECOMING EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT

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