California Standards Test

1. California Standards Test 8th Grade Review

2. Based on the quotation above, which form of government would John Locke most oppose? • Republic • Dictatorship • Representative democracy • Constitutional monarchy #59

3. Answer—B Dictatorship

4. The teachings of enlightenment thinking listed above provided the basis for the • Establishment of democratic government • Teaching of the protestant reformation. • Calling of the crusades. • Development of feudalism. #60

5. Answer—A Democratic Government

6. What were both the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights designed to do? • Limit the power of the monarch • Provide for religious freedom • Accept the theory of divine right • Give commoners the right to vote #61

7. Answer—A Limit the power of the monarch

8. The Great Awakening of the mid-1700s affected the British colonies by • Decreasing the power and prestige of radical religious figures • Encouraging greater religious enthusiasm and political independence • Encouraging strict obedience and respect for governmental authorities • Discouraging individual free will in spiritual and political matters #62

9. Answer—B encouraging greater religious enthusiasm and political independence

10. One goal of the Declaration of Independence was to A. Establish a new monarchy for the independent states. • Convince the British parliament to prevent the start of war • Explain why the colonists felt the need to be free from British rule • Outline an economic system to raise money for the revolution #63

11. Answer—C explain why the colonists need to be free of England

12. In designing the legislative branch, the writers of the Constitution mainly based their ideas on the • French estate general • Congress of Vienna • Council of Trent. • English parliament #64

13. Answer—D English Parliament

14. The Mayflower Compact (1620) was significant in the political development of the American colonies because it introduced the principle of • Self-government • Separation of powers • Freedom of expression • Federalism #65

15. Answer—A Self-government

16. The Tenth Amendment was added to the Constitution to resolve which of the following topics of debate surrounding the development of the Constitution? • Division of powers among branches of government • The annexation of new lands into the country • Balance between national and state government power • The representation of states in the legislative houses #66

17. Answer—C Balance between national & state powers

18. Which of these Founders favored a strong national government and a loose interpretation of the United States Constitution? • George Mason • Patrick Henry • Roger Williams • Alexander Hamilton #67

19. Answer--D Alexander Hamilton

20. Which of these parts of the United States Constitution contains fundamental liberties of American citizens? • Preamble • Article I, section 8-enumerated powers • Article III-judicial branch • Amendment 1-10-Bill of Rights #68

21. Answer—D Bill of Rights

22. Which of these is a constitutional check that the executive has to “balance” the power of the legislature in the U.S. government? • Dismiss congress when it acts illegally • Veto acts passed by congress • Overturn decisions made by courts • Appoint representatives and senators #69

23. Answer—B Veto acts passed by Congress

24. Which of these groups most likely supported the political ideas and policies of Alexander Hamilton? • Small farmers • Tobacco planters • Business owners • Frontiers settlers #70

25. Answer—C Business Owners

26. Thomas Jefferson and his followers opposed Alexander Hamilton’s tariff policy in part because they believed that high tariffs would cause problems for • Rich bankers. • Small farmers. • Big city merchants. • Owners of small factories. #71

27. Answer—B Small Farmers

28. Shay's rebellion of 1786 resulted in increased support for A. Creating a U.S Bill of Rights. B. Revising the Article of Confederation. C. Writing the Declaration of Independence. D. Approving the Missouri compromise #72

29. Answer—B revising the Articles of Confederation

30. Which of the following acquisitions secured control of North America's largest river, added substantially to the native American, Spanish, and French populations of the country, and essentially doubled the size of the United States • Purchase of Alaska • Gadsden purchase • Louisiana purchase • Purchase of Florida #73

31. Answer—C Louisiana Purchase

32. Which president was responsible for the territorial acquisition indicated by the darker shaded area on the map? • George Washington • John Adams • Thomas Jefferson • James Madison #74

33. Answer—C Thomas Jefferson

34. In his Farewell Address, George Washington urged the American people to A. Limit a president to two terms in office. B. Value and maintain a sense of national unity. C. Create a defense alliance with European countries. D. Establish more effective political parties. #75

35. Answer—B. value & maintain a sense of national unity

36. What is one reason for the dramatic decreases in exports in 1807 and from 1810 to1812? • A decline in industrial output • Competition from French merchants • Military and economic conflicts with Great Britain • An increase in production and transportation costs #76

37. Answer—C Military & economic conflicts with Great Britain

38. Conflict with Mexico became highly likely following the granting of statehood to • Texas. • Missouri. • Arizona. • Louisiana. #77

39. Answer--Texas

40. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine(1823)? • To open Canada to American settlers • To prevent European expansion in the Americans • To acquire Florida for the united states • To end the United States’ alliance with Great Britain #78

41. Answer—B to prevent European expansion in the Americas

42. Which statement best describes the location of factories in New England during the early 1800s? • They needed to be close to coal deposits. • They were located next to rivers. • They were located in isolated areas. • They needed to be closed to railroads. #79

43. Answer—They were located next to rivers

44. Timeline of Technological Development in the 1800's Samuel Slater introduces water powered spinning machine First factory in U.S. built in Waltham, Massachusetts First industrial center built at Lowell, Massachusetts 1813 1822 1790 The timeline represents development in the production of • Oil. • Glassware. • Steel. • Textiles. #80

45. Answer– D Textiles

46. During the 1800s, the movement of large numbers of immigrants from many different countries into large American cities resulted in the rapid growth of • Effective public health programs. • Ethnic neighborhoods. • Public parks and recreation areas. • Plentiful and affordable public housing. #81

47. Answer—B Ethnic Neighborhoods

48. What agricultural invention, designed to increase production, had the affect of increasing the number of slaves needed for labor in the Deep South? • The wheat reaper • The cotton gin • The steel plow • The rice mill #82

49. Answer– B the cotton gin

50. The growing importance of cotton to the South created an economy and a society dominated by • Managers and professional people. • Small independent farmers. • Large landowners. • Industrial leaders. #83