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Migration and Local Welfare Systems Strategies

This research project examines the factors influencing the capability of welfare systems to involve migrant populations in a downsizing scenario. It focuses on migrant-specific services and the impact of non-public actors on the welfare mix.

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Migration and Local Welfare Systems Strategies

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  1. ESA Conference 2013 28-31 August 2013, Torino Facing the challenge of migration: local welfare systems strategies within a downsizing scenario Sandro Busso, Enrico Gargiulo, Michele Manocchi Dep. Of Cultures, Politics and Society – University of Turin, FIERI (Forum of International and European Research on Migration) NOTE: The presentation is based on a research project carried out between 2012 and 2013 by the Forum of International and European Research on Migration  (FIERI), and supervised by Ferruccio Pastore and Irene Ponzo

  2. Research questions and goals General aim: Examine the factors that influence the welfare systems’ capability to involve those groups whose needs go beyond the “traditional” services supply (while lacking funding for implementing ad hoc services) Two specific focuses: 1.The role of the so-called “migrant-specific” services 2.The impact of non-public actors and the structure of welfare-mix

  3. Research design and methods • Comparative study, based on the analysis of two Italian local welfare systems • Multi-technique approach: • Quantitative analysis of secondary data • In-depth interviews (40) to key actors • Qualitative document analysis • Focus-groups (4) with key actors

  4. The cases studied: TORINO and CUNEO Torino Cuneo

  5. The cases studied: Main features TORINO Urban Area High Population Density Very high presence of foreigners (14%) Traditional first destination for migrants Only one local authority for social services CUNEO Vast rural area Low Population Density High presence of foreigners (9%) Traditional settlement area, today (also) first destination Different local authorities for social services  Dissimilar cases to maximize variability

  6. Migrants’ access to social services Share of migrants among social services users (%)

  7. Migrants’ access to social services Share of social services users among residents (%)

  8. 1.Migrant-specific services Expenditure TORINO Share of social expenditure for migrants specific services (Av. 2008-2010): 4% + “Heavy” services (i.e. housing) high per-user cost CUNEO Share of social expenditure for migrants specific services (Av. 2008-2010):2,5% + “Light” services (i.e. cultural mediation and information desks) low per-user cost

  9. 1.Migrant-specific services Goals CUNEO Remove access barriers to the services addressed to the population as a whole TORINO Answer to specific needs (since another municipal authority is responsible for informative tasks and guidance) • The “services equal for all” model in a context of downsizing: • a political matter?

  10. 2.The welfare mix structure: Non-public actors financing TORINO Very high Bank Foundations funding of social interventions (around 32 mln €) + High share of expenditure for migrant-specific services (around 10%) CUNEO Very low Bank Foundations funding of social interventions (around 3 mln €) + Low share of expenditure for migrant-specific services (around 2%)

  11. 2.The welfare mix structure: Third sector’s supply

  12. TORINO: The “Welfare Mix Model” High coordinationamongsuppliers USERS USERS USERS Low users’ overlapping

  13. CUNEO: The “Public-centric Model” Lackofcoordinationamongsuppliers High users’ overlapping

  14. Conclusions: key elements to overcome downsizing • 1. Migrant-specific services can be used to overcome access barriers to the whole supply of services, with low unitary costs • High level of inclusion and equality • Good control over (public) supply • “High road” to undifferentiated services • High stress of public sector (with political consequences) • Overlapping with private supply • Weak overall supply

  15. Conclusions: key elements to overcome downsizing • 2. Participate and migrant-specific planning, sharing of responsibilities among actors • High activation of private resources • Low overlapping among actors • Increase of the overall supply • Low continuity of funding • (related to the funding of fixed term projects) • Weak control over supply • (threats to universalism of rights) • Precariousness of equilibrium • (political issues and instability of networks)

  16. Thank you for your attention! sandro.busso@unito.it enrico.gargiulo@unito.it michele.manocchi@unito.it www.fieri.it

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