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Comparing Transit Modes

Learn about transit mode definitions, families of transit modes, and how modes are compared and selected in the United States. Explore characteristics like right-of-way, system technology, types of service, and organizational oversight.

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Comparing Transit Modes

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  1. Unit 1: Introduction Comparing Transit Modes

  2. Outline • Transit mode definition. • Families of transit modes. • Comparison of modes and mode selection in the US.

  3. First, let’s define the transit we’re working with Transit mode Definition

  4. Transit Mode Definition 4 Basic Characteristics: • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Organizational Oversight

  5. Characteristic 1: Right-of-way Street Transit Semi-rapid Transit Rapid Transit Speed of Vehicles Operating & Capital Costs

  6. Examples of ROW Classes • Class A: Boston Red Line • Class B: Dublin Light Rail • Class C: MARTA Bus

  7. Pros and Cons of Rights of Way • Higher performance – speed, reliability, capacity,comfort, safety • Use of longer vehicles • Stronger identity / image • Lower per passenger operating cost • Can be electrified • Highest performance • Electric guided technology • High safety • Short dwell time ROW A • Highest investment cost • Rigid alignment • Grade-separated stations require land and longer access ROW B • Require space for ROW • Higher investment • Special signals or control / priority measures ROW C

  8. Characteristic 2: System Technology

  9. Characteristic 3: Types of Service • Trip Served • Short-haul • City transit • Regional transit • Time of Day • Regular • Peak • Special • Stopping Schedule • See next slide

  10. Characteristic 3: Types of Service Express Rapid Local

  11. Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight On-Demand Individuals On-Demand Group

  12. Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight Public Group

  13. Characteristics of Organizational Oversight

  14. This classification of usage leads us to our Families of transit modes

  15. 4 Major Transit Families • Street Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Semi-rapid Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Rapid Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Specialized Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service

  16. Regular Bus Articulated Bus in London (Bendy Bus)

  17. Express Bus GRT Xpress Bus

  18. Trolleybus Trolleybus in Zurich, Switzerland

  19. Streetcars Double Decker Streetcars in Hong Kong

  20. Semi-rapid Transit Modes • Bus Rapid Transit • Light Rail Transit • Automated Guideway Transit

  21. Bus Rapid Transit TransJakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia

  22. Light Rail Transit Dallas Area Regional Transit

  23. Automated Guideway Transit Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport

  24. Rapid Transit Modes • Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) • Light Rail Rapid Transit • Rubber-tired Rapid Transit • Monorail • Regional (Commuter) Rail

  25. Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) Atlanta, Georgia

  26. Light Rail Rapid Transit Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in London

  27. Rubber-tired Metro Montreal, Canada

  28. Monorail Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

  29. Commuter Rail Boston, Massachusetts

  30. Specialized Modes • Terrain-Specialized • Cable cars • Funicular / inclined plane • Aerial tram • Water-based • Ferry

  31. Cable Car San Francisco, CA

  32. Funicular / Inclined Plane Pittsburgh, PA

  33. Aerial Tram Roosevelt Island, NY

  34. Ferrys Seattle, Washington Seattle, WA

  35. Comparison of Modes & Mode Selection in the USA

  36. 2010 APTA Modal Facts

  37. Largest US Agencies by Mode Largest Bus Agencies (Unlinked Pax Trips): Largest Heavy Rail Agencies (Unlinked Pax Trips): NYCT WMATA CTA (4 for pax miles) MBTA (6 for pax miles) BART (3 for pax miles) • NYCT • LA County MTA • CTA (4 for pax miles) • SEPTA (5 for pax miles) • NJ Transit (3 for pax miles)

  38. Largest US Agencies by Mode Largest Commuter Rail (Unlinked Pax Trips): Largest Light Rail (Unlinked Pax Trips): MBTA MUNI (San Fran) LA County MTA TriMet (Portland) San Diego • Long Island Railroad • NJ Transit • MetroNorth • Metra (Chicago) • MBTA

  39. New Diversity of Transit Modes • More rail being constructed; since 1970: • 7 new heavy rail systems constructed (BART, WMATA, MARTA, Baltimore, Miami, LA, San Juan) • Nearly 20 cities opened or are constructing new LRT systems • Resurgence in streetcars and tramways after decades of elimination • Buses traditionally non-priority • Buses carry 60% of transit passenger trips • Mostly transit captive • BRT is changing this

  40. Mode Selection • Systems Approach: Cities require multiple modes integrated and working together for the highest ridership • Choice of modes depends on many factors, including life cycle costs, LOS, economy, impact on surrounding, passenger attraction and livability

  41. DISCUSSION TOPIC • Google Bus in San Fransisco (e.g. Private Bus Services) • Function • Family • Characteristics • Pros & Cons

  42. Conclusions • Understanding the differences in transit modes is critical • Cities often require multiple modes integrated and working together for high ridership • Make the mode fit the service instead of the service fit the mode – rest of course focuses on service

  43. Reference Materials in this lecture were taken from: • VukanVuchic, “Urban Transit Operations, Planning and Economics” (2005). • Dickens, Matthew, John Neff, and Darnell Grisby. "APTA 2012 Public Transportation Fact Book." (2012).

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