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World War II

Explore the turbulent period of World War II, from the rise of Mussolini in Italy to Hitler's Nazi regime, the Soviet Union's power struggles, the Spanish Civil War, and key battles like Operation Barbarossa and the Battle of Britain. Learn about pivotal events such as the Pearl Harbor attack, the Battle of Midway, and the Battle of Stalingrad, as well as decisive campaigns in Africa. Uncover the complex alliances, betrayals, and fierce fighting that shaped the course of the war.

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. Italy • March 23, 1919 Benito Mussolini formed the basis for the Fascist Party • Oct. 28, 1922 March on Rome; Mussolini took power in Italy

  3. Soviet Union (USSR) • 1922 Soviet Union formed under V.I. Lenin • 1924 Lenin died; Trotsky and Stalin vie for power • 1928 Stalin began forced industrialization (Five Year Plan) • 1929 Stalin became dictator • 1932-1933 Famine created in the Ukraine and other Soviet satellites

  4. Germany 1919-1923 • Weimar Republic • Social and political unrest • Military occupation of western regions of Germany • Economic hardships • Freikorps

  5. Adolf Hitler • Born near Linz, Austria on April 20,1889 • Early life • Enlisted in the German army in 1914, and served throughout WW I. Decorated with the Iron Cross. • Remained in the army after the war. • Sent to spy on small German Worker’s Party (DAP)

  6. Hitler • 1920 Changed name of the party to the National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP) • Nov. 8-9, 1923 Beer Hall Putsch • Hitler spent 8 months in prison for his role in the putsch. • Mein Kampf

  7. Nazi Rise to Power 1925-1933 • 1925 Restructuring of the NSDAP • SA • Legal election. • 1929 Great Depression • By 1930 Nazis were the second largest party in Germany • Jan. 30, 1933 Hitler became chancellor

  8. Nazis in Power 1933-1934 • Feb. 27, 1933 Reichstag fire • March 23, 1933 Enabling Act • SS Heinrich Himmler • June 30, 1934 Night of the Long Knives • Aug. 2, 1934 Hindenburg died; Hitler in sole power.

  9. Road to war 1935-1939 • 1935 Versailles Treaty renounced; Germany began rearmament • March 13, 1936 Rhineland reoccupied • Spanish Civil War 1936-1939 • March 1938 Austria annexed • Sept. 28, 1938 Sudetenland • March 1939 Czechoslovakia annexed

  10. War • Aug. 23, 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact • Sept.1, 1939 Poland invaded • Sept. 3 Britain and France declared war • Sept. 17 Soviets invaded eastern Poland • Sept. 27 Poland surrendered

  11. Poland 1939

  12. Western Front 1939-May 1940 • Sept. 1939- April 1940 Phony War • April 1940 Wehrmacht invaded Denmark and Norway • May 1940 Belgium and the Netherlands invaded • May 10 France invaded through the Ardennes Forest • May 26 OPN DYNAMO • June 22 France surrendered

  13. Battle of Britain • Began July 10, 1940 after Churchill declined to negotiate peace • First battle fought entirely in the air • Luftwaffe 2800 planes Royal Air Force 700 • Radar and command and control stations • Sept. 7 Beginning of the Blitz. • Oct. Luftwaffe switched to night bombing.

  14. Balkans 1940-1941 • Oct. 28, 1940 Italy invaded Greece • April 1941 British troops arrive in Greece • April 1941 Yugoslavia and Greece overrun by Wehrmacht • May 20-June 1 Battle of Crete

  15. OPERATION BARBAROSSA JUNE 22, 1941 • 116 divisions (14 motorized), 19 panzer divisions, 9 support divisions • Set for April, but postponed until June due to Greek and Yugoslav operations • June 22 Invasion • 2000 Soviet planes destroyed in 1 week • Siege of Leningrad Sept. 1941-Jan. 1944

  16. Russia Oct.- Dec. 1941 • Georgy Zhukov appointed head of the Red Army • Oct. 19 Moscow declared under siege • Russian winter • Dec. 5 Russian counteroffensive • Germans driven 40 miles from Moscow

  17. Russia 1941

  18. Japan 1937-1941 • July 28, 1937 Japan invaded China • US declared an embargo on Japanese war material • Sept. 27, 1940 Japan joins the Axis powers • Yamato and Musashi

  19. Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 • Pearl Harbor attacked by aircraft from 4 carriers • Arizona, Oklahoma, West Virginia, California sunk • 18 damaged ships total, 188 aircraft, 3581 US service personnel and civilians killed • Japanese losses totaled 50 men and 30 aircraft • US declared war on Dec. 8; Dec. 11 Germany and Italy declared war on US

  20. Pearl Harbor

  21. US and Japanese Naval Power

  22. Pacific War 1942 • The Philippeans fell to the Japanese on May 6,1942 • Bataan Death March • April 18 Doolittle Raid • May 2-7 Battle of the Coral Sea • June 4-6 Battle of Midway • Aug. 7- Feb. 7, 1943 Battle of Guadalcanal

  23. 1942 Pacific

  24. Pacific Losses 1942 • Battle of the Coral Sea May 7-8 • US: 1carrier, 66 aircraft, 543 men killed • Japan: 1 carrier, 77 aircraft, 1074 men killed • Battle of Midway June 4-7 • US: 1 carrier, 147 aircraft, 307 men • Japan: 4 carriers, 1 cruiser, 272 aircraft, 3500 men • Gaudalcanal August 7-February 9, 1943 • US: 1600 killed, 4200 wounded • Japan: 23,000 killed, 1000 prisoners

  25. Battle for Africa 1942-1943 • AfrikaKorps under Erwin Rommel • Aug. 13 Bernard Montgomery • Oct. 23- Nov. 5, 1942 Battle of El Alamein • Nov. 8, 1942 OPN TORCH • May 7, 1943 Germans defeated in Africa

  26. Russia 1942-1943 • Spring 1942 German Sixth Army began a drive to Stalingrad • Aug. 19 First attacks on Stalingrad • Fierce house to house fighting • Nov. 19 Russian counteroffensive encircles German Sixth Army • Hitler orders Sixth Army to hold its ground • Dec. 23 German relief attempt ends in failure • Feb. 3, 1943 Von Paulus surrendered • Germans resurgent • July 5-23, 1943 Battle of Kursk

  27. Russian Front 1942-1943

  28. Eastern Front LossesSept-July 1943 • Battle of Stalingrad Sept.-Jan. 1943 • Germans 207,000 killed or wounded, 93,000 taken prisoner • Soviets 480,000 killed and missing • Battle of Kursk July 5-13, 1943 • Germans 50,000 killed 323 tanks destroyed • Soviets 177,880 killed 1614 tanks destroyed

  29. Italy 1943-1944 • July 9- Aug. 7, 1943 OPN HUSKY • Sept. 3, 1943 Italy surrendered • Winter 1943- May 11, 1944 Battles for Monte Cassino • Jan. 22, 1944 Anzio • June 4, 1944 Rome captured

  30. Air Warfare 1943-1945 Europe

  31. Tanks of World War II1944 Western Front

  32. Battle for France 1944 • June 6 D-Day • July 3 OPN Cobra • July 20 Bomb Plot nearly Kills Hitler • Aug. 19-25 Battle for Paris • Sept. 17-25 OPN MARKET-GARDEN • Dec. 16-Jan. 25, 1945 Battle of the Bulge

  33. 1944

  34. 1944 Pacific • June 15 Saipan • June 19-20 Battle of the Philippean Sea “Great Marianas Turkey Shoot” • July-Sept. Guam and Peleliu fell to US • Oct. 23-26 Battle of Leyte Gulf

  35. 1945 Europe • Jan-April Russians push into eastern Europe • Feb. 4-11 Yalta Conference • March-April US and British forces cross the Rhine into Germany • April 22 Russians reach Berlin • April 25 US and Russian troops meet at Torgau • April 30 Hitler committed suicide • May 2 Berlin surrendered as did Germans in Italy • May 7-8 VE Day

  36. 1945 Europe

  37. Europe 1944-1945 • Battle for France June 6-August 25 • Allied: 43,000 killed, 172,000 wounded • Germans: 509,000 killed, wounded and captured • OPN Bagration June 22-August 29,1944 • Germans: 350,000 killed wounded and captured • Soviets: 178,000 killed, 587,000 wounded • Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16-Jan. 16, 1945 • US: 81,000 killed wounded or captured • Germans 100,000 killed wounded or captured • Battle of Berlin April16-May 2, 1945 • Germans: 500,000 killed wounded or captured • Soviets: 81,000 killed, 272,000 wounded

  38. 1945 Pacific • Jan. 9 US troops land in the Philippeans • Feb. 19-Mar. 26 Battle of Iwo Jima • April 1-June 23 Battle of Okinawa • Aug. 6 Hiroshima • Aug. 9 Nagasaki • Sept. 2 VJ Day

  39. 1945 Pacific

  40. Pacific 1945 • Iwo Jima Feb. 19-March 26 • US: 6,821 killed 19,217 wounded • Japan: 20,867 killed, 1,083 captured • Okinawa April 1-June 30 • US: 12,000 killed, 36,000 wounded • Japan 107,539 killed, 23,764 sealed in caves or buried, 10,755 captured

  41. Nazi War CrimesThe Holocaust • 1935 Nuremburg Laws • Nov. 9, 1938 Kristallnacht • 1940-1945 Ghettos and mass deportations to eastern Europe • 1941-1943 Einsatzgruppen • Jan 20, 1942 Wannsee Conference • 1942-1945 Concentration Camps • Auschwitz, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Dachau, Bergen-Belsen • Nov. 14, 1945-Oct. 1, 1946 Nuremburg Trials

  42. Nazi Atrocities

  43. Holocaust

  44. Aftermath of World War II • Allies • 14,000,000 military deaths • 36,000,000 civilian deaths • 6,000,000 Jews murdered by Nazis • Axis • 8,000,000 military deaths • 4,000,000 civilian deaths • 72,000,000 total deaths for all of World War II

  45. Legacy of world War 2 • The United States And the soviet Union emerge as superpowers • World leaders can be held for crimes their soldiers commit • Beginning of the atomic age • Start of the cold war • Marshall plan • Truman doctrine

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