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PATTERNS OF HEREDITY

PATTERNS OF HEREDITY. Group 3 Queen Noga Tour, King Kadison Feldman, Princess Maddy Gotta , Prince Tinka Peterka , Grange. Human Heredity. Karyotype- photograph of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs Sex chromosomes- determine an individuals sex (XX for females, XY for males)

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PATTERNS OF HEREDITY

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  1. PATTERNS OF HEREDITY Group 3 Queen Noga Tour, King Kadison Feldman, Princess MaddyGotta, Prince TinkaPeterka, Grange

  2. Human Heredity • Karyotype- photograph of chromosomes grouped in order in pairs • Sex chromosomes- determine an individuals sex (XX for females, XY for males) • Autosomes- chromosome that is not a sex chromosomes. (44 autosomes)

  3. Human Traits & Pedigrees • Pedigree- chart that shows family relationships; used to track inheritance of certain traits. • Horizontal lines represent mating • Vertical lines represent offspring • Shaded shapes have the trait Females Males

  4. Autosomal Dominant- shaded individuals HAVE the trait & must have the DOMINANT allele (at least one capital letter) TT tt Tt Tt

  5. Human Traits & Pedigrees • Autosomal Recessive- shaded individuals HAVE the trait & they are homozygous recessive (2 lowercase letters) Tt Tt tt T?

  6. The function of genes is to tell the cell to make proteins • DNA is packaged into chromosomes • Our genes encode the instructions that define our traits Vocab: • Complex traits- traits that are shaped by more than one genes • Allele- a form of a gene which codes for one possible outcome of a phenotype • Individuals only have 2 alleles (one from their mother, one from their father) • Polygenic- the inheritance pattern of a trait that is controlled by two or more genes, which may have more than one alleles

  7. Human Blood Types • There are 3 alleles for the gene that determines blood type AlleleCodes for… IA Type A IBType B I Type O Type A Genotypes: IAIA ,Iai Type B Genotypes: IBIB, Ibi Type AB Genotype: IAIB Type O Genotype: ii

  8. Sex-Linked Traits • Designating Sex-Linked Traits • XA = normal • Xa = possesses the trait • Y = neutral • X-linked traits may skip generations • Affects males more often than females because they only have one X chromosome

  9. Multiple Alleles • Allele- form of a gene which codes for one possible outcome of a phenotype • There may be multiple alleles in a population, but individuals have only 2 of them • Half of genes are inherited from mom and half are inherited from dad, so we end up with 2 alleles for every trait

  10. Incomplete DominanceIn Blood type When 2 heterozygous blood types combine, they create a new blood type.

  11. Co-dominance in Blood type • When Both blood types are dominant, a new blood type is formed

  12. Questions

  13. Fill in the pedigree a. TT b. Tt c. tt d. T? 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

  14. Fill in the Pedigree • XAXA • XAXa • XaXa • XAY • XaY • XAX? 13 14 15 16 17

  15. 18) A couple has a baby. The man has blood type O, and the woman has blood type AB. What blood types can the baby have? a. Type O and AB b. Type A and B c. Type Od. Type A and O

  16. 19) How many men w/ressisive trait are in this un colored pedigree? Tt Tt TT tt a.6 b.0 c.1 d.4 tt Tt TT Tt Tt TT TT

  17. ANSWERS • C • B • B • B • C • B • C • D • C • C • B • B

  18. MORE ANSWERS 13)B 14)D 15)F 16)E 17)F 18) B 19) D

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