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Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics

Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics. What is a pedigree?. Is a graphic representation of genetic inheritance. Pedigree Info. Shows genetic relationships within a family Square=male, circle female Horizontal line=reproduction Vertical line=connects parents to offspring.

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Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics

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  1. Patterns of Heredity & Human Genetics

  2. What is a pedigree? • Is a graphic representation of genetic inheritance.

  3. Pedigree Info • Shows genetic relationships within a family • Square=male, circle female • Horizontal line=reproduction • Vertical line=connects parents to offspring

  4. Pedigree Chart for colorblindness

  5. What is a karyotype? • Shows picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs • Contains SEX CHROMOSOMES (X and Y) and the rest (called AUTOSOMES)

  6. What are some recessive heredity disorders and traits?

  7. CYSTIC FIBROSIS Caused by RECESSIVE alleles Excessive mucus in lungs Increased susceptibility to infection

  8. Other Disorders

  9. Tay-Sachs Disease • Recessive disorder of the central nervous system • An enzyme is missing that breaks down a lipid produced and stored in the nervous system.

  10. Phenylketonuria (PKU) • Recessive disorder that results from a missing enzyme that converts amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. • It damages the nervous system and to the brain. • One of the few we can prevent by knowing the baby is a carrier.

  11. What are some dominant heredity disorders and traits?

  12. Tongue Rolling

  13. Widow’s Peak

  14. Attached Earlobes

  15. Hitchhiker Thumb

  16. Chin Fissure

  17. Freckles

  18. Polydactyl http://www.ktvu.com/news/18608582/detail.html#-

  19. Dimples

  20. What is Genetics? The study of traits being passed from generation to generation.

  21. What is Codominance? When both alleles are expressed fully in phenotype

  22. What is Incomplete Dominance? Alleles blend together, neither being dominant

  23. Incomplete Dominance

  24. What are Multiple Alleles? More than two types of alleles for a trait

  25. Blood Type

  26. Blood Type 3 Alleles for antigens = IA, IB, and i IA and IB are codominant, i is recessive

  27. What are Polygenic Traits? Many genes control traits Examples: height, skin color

  28. What are Sex-linked Genes? Genes located on the sex chromosomes, many on the “X”

  29. Sex-linked Traits COLORBLINDNESS Location = X chromosome Inability to distinguish different colors, usually reds and greens

  30. Sex-linked Traits

  31. Sex-linked Traits

  32. Sex-linked Traits Why are males more likely to have sex-linked traits? Colorblindness in males, 1 in 10, 1 in 100 females Males only have one X, so only one recessive allele necessary Females, 2 X’s, so two recessives necessary

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