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Anxiety Disorders, Part I (Chapter 5) February 21, 2014 PSYC 2340: Abnormal Psychology Brett Deacon, Ph.D. Video. How do people acquire a fear? What’s it like to have an anxiety disorder? What treatments are available? How do they work? Why science matters in abnormal psychology.

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  1. Anxiety Disorders, Part I(Chapter 5)February 21, 2014PSYC 2340: Abnormal PsychologyBrett Deacon, Ph.D.

  2. Video • How do people acquire a fear? • What’s it like to have an anxiety disorder? • What treatments are available? How do they work? • Why science matters in abnormal psychology

  3. DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders • Panic Disorder with or without Agoraphobia • Agoraphobia without History of Panic Attacks • Social Phobia • Specific Phobia

  4. DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  5. Other Anxiety-Related Disorders • Hypochondriasis (conceptualized by CBT theorists as “Severe Health Anxiety”) • Body Dysmorphic Disorder

  6. Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Study % With Disorder Kessler et al. (2005)

  7. Most Common Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Study % With Disorder Kessler et al. (2005)

  8. The Nature of Anxiety • Response to perception of threat • Fight or flight response • Three response systems: • Physiological • Cognitive/attentional • Behavioral • Anxiety vs. fear/panic: depends on the perceived immediacy of the threat

  9. “Abnormal” vs. “Normal” Anxiety/Fear • When are the normally adaptive emotions of anxiety and fear a sign of psychopathology? • Occurs in absence of danger, and/or is out of proportion to the threat • Produces clinically significant distress and/or impairment • True alarms vs. false alarms • Important distinction!

  10. Influence of Learning on Anxiety • Pathways for acquiring a fear: • Classical conditioning (traumatic experiences) • Modeling • Transmission of misinformation • Evolutionary preparedness

  11. Evolutionary Preparedness and Fears “It has long been observed that the distribution of fears is not random, and does not reflect the types of objects and situations that are most likely to pose an actual threat to our present-day survival. People are more likely to be killed by a gun or automobile than by a snake or spider, yet fears of the former are exceedingly rare while phobias of the latter are quite common. It appears that humans have a predisposition to fear stimuli that posed a survival threat during our evolutionary past. As a result, it is easier for people to acquire a fear of heights, for example, than of something unrelated to our evolutionary past, such as medical procedures.” Abramowitz, Deacon, & Whiteside (2010)

  12. Causes of Anxiety Disorders • Learning is only part of the story • Other influences: • General biological vulnerabilities (genetics) • General psychological vulnerabilities (neuroticism) • Cultural and environmental influences (e.g., gender socialization, specific feared stimuli) • Biopsychosocial model • Understanding causal vs. maintaining factors

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