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Leisure Definitions. Today…. About me Expectations http://www2.cast.ilstu.edu/hurd/swu.htm Historical perspectives Modern perspective of leisure What leisure is. Think, Pair, Share. Interview someone in class. What is leisure to you? How do you know when you are experiencing leisure?
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Today… • About me • Expectations • http://www2.cast.ilstu.edu/hurd/swu.htm • Historical perspectives • Modern perspective of leisure • What leisure is
Think, Pair, Share • Interview someone in class. • What is leisure to you? • How do you know when you are experiencing leisure? • How does leisure make you feel?
Historical Perspective on Leisure Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Ancient China
Ancient Greece • Philosophy of a good life and how to attain it • Great interest in the arts, learning & athletics • Plato • Spiritual & physical reward gain from participation in activities • Socrates • Knowledge was required in choosing the best pleasures • The good life was a life of right choices & conduct • Aristotle…major contributor
Ancient Greece • Aristotle • Leisure activities performed for their own sake • Leisure was freedom from an occupation • Leisure was a necessary condition of happiness • Contemplation was a proper use of leisure
Ancient Greece • Daily leisure activities in Greece • Philosophy, mathematics, cultural activities (poetry & music) • Leisure available only to aristocrats • Children’s early toys • Jacks, kites, marbles • Entertainment popular • Music, dance, drama, amphitheatres • Proxemos • Aided people in traveling abroad
Ancient Greece • Sport • First formalized Olympic games • Still only for aristocrats • Held every 4 years • Stopped for 1500 years after Roman conquest
Think, Pair, Share Has any of the ideals of leisure in ancient Greece survived today?
Ancient Rome • Leisure as spectacle • Privileged class • Sports & gymnastics • To keep body strong & spirit courageous • Games focused on worshiping Roman gods later developed into festivals • Festivals supervised by priesthood • Less concerned with the arts/culture
Ancient Rome • Built facilities • Amphitheatres, stadiums, parks, gardens • Open buildings for gymnastics, wrestling, contemplation • Entertainment became a central life activity • Gladiators fighting to death emerged
Greeks The good life Valued art & culture Intellectual & spiritual approach to leisure Improved the culture Romans Leisure as a spectacle Borrowed Greek art, architecture, & culture Mass recreation approach to leisure Devalued the culture Greeks vs. Romans
Ancient China • Quest for harmony, life balance, calmness, order, peace • Goal to prepare cultivated person in literary & martial arts • Rich in music, art, literature
Ancient China • Wealthy had servants for recreation • Chess players, painters, acrobats • Pleasure grounds • Covered markets to watch theatre, marionettes, take singing lessons
Other Influential Cultural Eras • The Renaissance • Age of painters – Michelangelo, Raphael, da Vinci, Donatello • Age of authors – Shakespeare, Cervantes • Age of adventure – travel • Arts & humanities boomed
Think, Pair, Share How do the Ancient Cultures Compare & Contrast
Leisure and Music • One of the earliest uses of music was in the accompaniment of theatrical dance and story-telling • How is music used in leisure? • iPods??? • Festivals • Concerts in the park
Leisure and Art • Art is a reflection of many aspects of society • Examples
Modern definition of leisure Multiple definitions & perspectives…
Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)
Write down 3 things you do that fall into each of those categories: Play Game Sport Recreation1. 2. 3.
Write down 3 things you do that fall into each of those categories: Play Game Sport Recreation Puzzles Trivia Kayaking Gardening Animal play Cards Biking Socializing Geocaching Bocce ball Hiking Reading
Defining Leisure • Free time • State of Mind • Activity
Defining Leisure • Free time • Time after obligations • Ie. work, study, personal maintenance • Use time as you wish • Discretionary time
Free time as leisure How does the amount of free time change as we age? Young children…teens…college students…midlife….retirement
Defining Leisure • State of Mind • Leisure is defined by the meaning it holds for us • Fun for 1 isn’t fun for another • Ie. weeding a garden, sky diving • Your list of examples? • Same for relaxation, escape, challenge, etc.
Defining Leisure • Recreational Activity • Time away from work • Action based • Cleaning the house vs. bird watching • Purpose of relaxation, diversion, refreshment Your examples
Defining Leisure • Leisure is different for all of us. • Leisure is contextual – it’s different depending on how we were raised, when we were born, and where we grew up.
Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)
Play • Spontaneous, frivolous, motivated by sheer enjoyment • Non-serious, self-expression • Typically associated with children • Seen as instrumental in child development
Peter Brueghel’s Children’s Games (1560) http://www.gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/VirtualExhibits/Brueghel/imgmap.html
Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)
Games • Bound by rules & co-equal players • Mixed levels of skill & chance • Thai playground games • Ling ching bon…Monkey Snatches Ball/Keep Away • Bao Ying Choob…rock, paper, scissors
Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)
Recreation • Latin recreatio – that which refreshes or restores • Regarded as activity • Freely chosen, voluntary, without obligation • Parental choosing of activities? • Obligatory participation
Recreation • Centered on intrinsic motivation… • Socialization • dancing, parties, friends • Association • activities to keep people together • Clubs, hobbies • Competition • against others, themselves, environment
Recreation • Risk-taking • stakes are physical injury or death • Exploration • travel, sightseeing, snorkeling • Vicarious experiences • Watch movies or sporting events
Arts Music Drama Travel Hobbies Social activities Outdoor pursuits Adventure/risk taking Fitness Recreation Activities
Play • Spontaneity • Self-expression • Non-seriousness Leisure • Games • Rule bound • Control of skill & chance • Problematic outcome • Recreation • Restoration • Social purpose • Morality • Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills Rossman & Schlatter (2003)
Sport • Physical exertion • Standardized rules • Competition of physical skills • Olympics • Rugby, Muay Thai, Takraw, soccer
Write down 3 things you do that fall into each of those categories: Play Game Sport Recreation Puzzles Trivia Kayaking Gardening Animal play Cards Biking Socializing Geocaching Bocce ball Hiking Reading
Characteristics of Leisure Choose 1 activity. List 3-5 reasons you enjoy it.
Characteristics of Leisure • There are some characteristics that are commonly found in leisure. • These characteristics may not all be prevalent in each leisure activity.
Freedom Intrinsic Reward Happiness Pleasure Play (play theory)* Game Relaxation Ritual Solitude Commitment Spirituality Risk 12 Characteristics of Leisure
Characteristics of Leisure • Freedom • Freedom from… • Work • Stress • Obligations • Freedom to… • Choose what to do/how to use free time • Are one of these more prominent to you than the other???
Characteristics of Leisure • Intrinsic reward • Doing something for its own sake • Activity is its own reward • Biking • accomplishment of riding 30 miles • feeling of being alone • What reasons for participation are on your list that are intrinsic?