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Introduction to 3G

Introduction to 3G. Why 3G?. Next few slides taken from web – give various reasons as to why 3G was needed. Why do you think 3G was created?. Why 3G?. Existing mobile networks (GSM/CDMA) were designed to handle voice traffic and voice-oriented services.

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Introduction to 3G

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  1. Introduction to 3G

  2. Why 3G? • Next few slides taken from web – give various reasons as to why 3G was needed. • Why do you think 3G was created?

  3. Why 3G? • Existing mobile networks (GSM/CDMA) were designed to handle voice traffic and voice-oriented services. • Then, when they were introduced into the market it turned out that, other than voice-oriented, additional services (SMS to set an example) gained unexpected popularity. • The need for data transmission through mobile networks has been growing gradually together with Internet popularity.

  4. Why 3G? • Therefore some network upgrades had to be introduced into existing mobile networks (HSCSD, GPRS). • However, these improvements provide only limited capability (e.g. GPRS - up to 50kbit/s in reality). They don't provide flexible, variable data speed, supporting Quality of Service solutions.

  5. Types of Traffic • As latest estimates show that packet switching traffic is growing rapidly, and will probably exceed circuit switching by 2005. • Operators must be sure that their core network architecture by that time is ready to provide equally strong circuit-switched and packet-switched domains to meet the speed and capacity demands.

  6. Lack of Resources • Another important factor is that together with the need for efficient data-oriented mobile networks, the beginning of radio resources shortage in dense populated areas has been observed, due to high level of penetration in mature mobile markets (penetration rates around 50% and up to 80% in the Nordic countries). • Therefore a new radio access technology is needed to cope with those problems.

  7. Duping the Mobile Network Operators – Denis O’ Brien view • In 1995, the equipment manufacturers started to talk about the next paradigm shift – i.e. 2G to 3G. • They pushed the proposed benefits of 3G to the public at large. • EU was sold on the idea of the new players. • It helped that the manufacturers were of EU origin (Sweden, Germany, France and Finland). • Network operators’ growth was slowing. • 60%+ of people had a mobile phone (100% in Scandinavia). • Looking for ways of continuing their growth story for the market. • Scared of missing an opportunity to capitalise on strong capital market condition. • Everybody bought the myth.

  8. 3G Vision • Universal global roaming • Multimedia (voice, data & video) • Increased data rates • 384 Kbps while moving • 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations • Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) • IP architecture

  9. Global Satellite Suburban Urban In-Building Picocell Microcell Macrocell Basic Terminal PDA Terminal Audio/Visual Terminal IMT-2000 Vision IncludesLAN, WAN and Satellite Services

  10. 3G Services: “The Promise” • Customised Infotainment • Multimedia Messaging Service • Mobile Intranet/Extranet Access • Mobile Internet Access • Location-based Services • Rich Voice (simple and enhanced voice)

  11. Designing 3G • Technical arguments galore as to which technologies should be used. • Standardisation bodies tried to come to agreement as to what was the best options

  12. Example Mobile Standards Organizations • European Technical Standard Institute (Europe): • http://www.etsi.org • Telecommunication Industry Association (USA): • http://www.tiaonline.org • Standard Committee T1 (USA): • http://www.t1.org • China Wireless Telecommunication Standard (China): • http://www.cwts.org • The Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan): • http://www.arib.or.jp/english/index.html • The Telecommunication Technology Committee (Japan): • http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/index.html • The Telecommunication Technology Association (Korea): • http://www.tta.or.kr/english/e_index.htm

  13. So which technology for 3G?? • Almost all accepted 3G radio standards are based on CDMA • http://www.3g-generation.com/cdma_principle.htm • BUT ……………….

  14. International Standardization • ITU (International Telecommunication Union) • radio standards and spectrum • IMT-2000 • ITU’s umbrella name for 3G which stands for International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 • National and regional standards bodies are collaborating in 3G partnership projects • ARIB, TIA, TTA, TTC, CWTS. T1, ETSI (will learn about some of these later) • 3G Partnership Projects (3GPP & 3GPP2) • focused on evolution of access and core networks

  15. The Standards Issue • When the ITU tried to unify and standardize3G technologies, no consensus was reached. • There were thus five terrestrial standards developed as part of the IMT-2000 program. • Instead, depending on where in the world 3G will be implemented, the 3G standard will be based on CDMA variants with some other technologies thrown in as well.

  16. IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

  17. IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

  18. IMT-DS The IMT-DS is a W-CDMA standard.

  19. W-CDMA • Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) is a wideband radio technique that provides far higher data rates than other radio techniques available today, up to 2Mbit/s, and highly efficient use of radio spectrum. • Co-developed by NTT DoCoMo, it is being backed by most European mobile operators and is expected to compete with cdma2000 to be the de facto 3G standard

  20. UMTS (W-CDMA) • In Europe, 3G  W-CDMA networks are known as UMTS  (Universal Mobile Telephony System) another name for w-CDMA/3G services. • Governments in the region held UMTS auctions for 3G licences netting $108 billion in 2000.

  21. FOMA (W-CDMA) • Japanese giant NTT DoCoMo Inc brand name for 3G services is FOMA (Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access). • This is also based on the W-CDMA format

  22. IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

  23. IMT-MC The IMT-MC is a cdma2000 standard.

  24. cdma2000 • You will recall cdmaOne. • cdma2000 is the upgrade to cdmaOne. • It uses a wider spectrum than CDMA and therefore can transmit and receive information faster and more efficiently, making fast Internet data, video, and CD-quality music transmission possible.

  25. cdma2000 • There are however new cdma2000 variants called cdma2000 1X,1X-EV-DV, 1X EV-DO, and cdma2000 3X. • They deliver 3G services while occupying a very small amount of current spectrum (1.25 MHz per carrier) as opposed to UMTS which requires completely NEW spectrum (hence the auctions).

  26. IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces

  27. TD-SCDMA • TD-SCDMA is the Chinese contribution to the ITU's IMT-2000 specification for third generation (3G) wireless mobile services.Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access • TD-SCDMA operates using the TDD mode, transmitting on one frequency ona time-shifted basis in both directions (uplink and downlink). • The system is being promoted by China Mobile and China Unicom through a TD-SCDMA forum

  28. Standards adopted for IMT-2000 Mode Description Standard IMT-DS DIRECT SEQUENCE W-CDMA UTRA FDD IMT-MC MULTICARRIER cdma2000 IMT-TC TDMA/CDMA UTRA TDD TD-SCDMA IMT-SC SINGLE CARRIER UWC-136 IMT-FT FDMA/TDMA DECT *the three indicated in green are emerging as the most important

  29. Bands • The third generation frequencies for IMT-2000 were identified by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in 1992 • No. S5.388 of the Radio Regulations

  30. S5.388 • The bands 1 885-2 025 MHz and 2 110-2 200 MHz are intended for use, on a worldwide basis, by administrations wishing to implement International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). • Extensions

  31. Other Issues • Putting aside that 3G has many issues – assume we want to go there. • So how do we get from here to 3G? • Legacy Issues • EVOLUTION not REVOLUTION

  32. Migration To 3G

  33. Partnership Project and Forums • ITU IMT-2000 http://www.imt-2000.org/portal/index.asp • Mobile Partnership Projects • 3GPP : http://www.3gpp.org • 3GPP2 : http://www.3gpp2.org • Mobile Technical Forums • 3G All IP Forum: http://www.3gip.org • IPv6 Forum: http://www.ipv6forum.com • Mobile Marketing Forums • Mobile Wireless Internet Forum: http://www.mwif.org • UMTS Forum : http://www.umts-forum.org • GSM Forum : http://www.gsmworld.org • Universal Wireless Communication: http://www.uwcc.org • Global Mobile Supplier: http://www.gsacom.com

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