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CONQUEST IN AMERICA

AGE OF EXPLORATION. CONQUEST IN AMERICA. After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan Cortes (Spain) - conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold”. COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS. Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma

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CONQUEST IN AMERICA

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  1. AGE OF EXPLORATION CONQUEST IN AMERICA

  2. After Columbus & Magellan… Hernan Cortes (Spain) - conquistador who arrived in Mexico in 1519, looking for lands to claim & searching for “City of Gold” COLONIZATION IN THE AMERICAS

  3. Came across Aztec Empire Greeted by Montezuma • Aztecs thought Spaniards were “iron-clad gods” • Defeated Aztecs (1. Superior weapons, 2. Used enemies to help, 3. Disease) • Tenochtitlan (Aztec capital) became Mexico City HERNAN CORTES vs

  4. AZTEC EMPIRE

  5. Conquistador who arrived in Inca Empire (Peru) in 1523 Captured Atahualpa for ransom of gold/silver Spanish eventually conquered, taking over lands from Ecuador to Chile FRANCISCO PIZARRO vs

  6. Military: horses, muskets, cannons, armor Division among natives: Aztecs/Incas had many tribal enemies Oppression/abuse of Native Americans: forced to work in encomienda system (slave farming) Disease: new to Native Americans; challenged beliefs REASONS FOR CONQUISTADORS’ SUCCESSES

  7. 90% of indigenous population died b/c of enslavement, overwork, or diseases: • Smallpox • Measles • Influenza • Many converted to Christianity by force • Caught in battle between Spain & Portugal WHAT HAPPENED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS?

  8. 1494 - Agreement between Spain & Portugal negotiated by Pope Alexander VI • LINE OF DEMARCATION divides “New World” • Portugal gets everything EAST of the line (Brazil & East Indies) • Spain gets everything WEST of the line (Central America, Caribbean, & most of South America) Treaty of tordesillas

  9. GET OUT YOUR MAP!

  10. Can only import/export with Spain • MERCANTILISM: how much gold/silver a country has • ORDER OF SOCIAL CLASS in New Spain: • Peninsulares – born in Spain • Creoles – American-born descendents of Spanish settlers • Mestizos – Native & Spanish descent • Mulattoes – Spanish & African descent • Native Americans • African slaves SPANISH ECONOMY & SOCIAL CLASSES

  11. PORTUGUESE ECONOMY (Brazil) • Nobles given land grants; shared profits with king in Portugal • Turned to plantation agriculture (esp. sugar) and livestock raising • 5 million + Africans brought into Brazil as slaves

  12. TIM & MOBY VIDEO: CONQUISTADORS

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