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Pearl Harbor 1941

Pearl Harbor 1941. “The date which will live in infamy”. Build up to War. US restricts Japanese immigration in 1920s Japan invades China and conquers Manchuria in 1931 Japan signs Pact with Germany an Italy in 1939. During 1940 and 1941 US restricts and finally stops most trade with Japan.

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Pearl Harbor 1941

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  1. Pearl Harbor 1941 “The date which will live in infamy”

  2. Build up to War • US restricts Japanese immigration in 1920s • Japan invades China and conquers Manchuria in 1931 • Japan signs Pact with Germany an Italy in 1939

  3. During 1940 and 1941 US restricts and finally stops most trade with Japan. • US freezes Japanese assets

  4. Major Bloopers • US breaks Japan’s top secret code (Purple) • Sends decoding machines to the Philippines and London but not Pearl Harbor

  5. Bloopers • US fleet commander Richardson requests the fleet be moved from Pearl Harbor to the West Coast- Navy refuses

  6. Bloopers • America rejects Japanese request for summit Meeting August 1941 • Japanese agents in Hawaii regularly report size , type and location of ships in Pearl Harbor: This info is decoded in the Philippines and London but not forwarded

  7. Bloopers • General Short orders protection against sabotage and puts planes wing to wing: November 1941 • Japanese embassies have carried out orders to burn files (MAGIC decodes this but does not inform Pearl Harbor)

  8. Bloopers • Dec. 3,4,5, • MAGIC decodes increased radio traffic from Hawaii to Tokyo regarding fleet in Pearl Harbor • Dec. 6 MAGIG decodes 13 parts of a 14 part message. Indication of war by those who read it. Never passed onto Pearl Harbor

  9. DEC 7th • Japanese sub fired upon outside harbor • Radar picks up flight of unidentified aircraft 132 miles out

  10. Major players in the battle • Genda: Mastermind behind the attack • Admiral Kimmel • General Short : orders planes in line • Yamamota: Commander in chief of the Japanese fleet Tries to avoid an attack

  11. Major Players • Stark: Chief of Naval Operations, chooses not to inform Hawaii until calling President • Colonel Bratton convinces Army Chief of Staff General Marshall that Pearl Harbor should be notified of attack.

  12. Pearl Harbor: Before the attack • Oahu has many beautiful beaches and palm trees • Many men went there because of being in the Navy • One of the few jobs where men were offered the chance at “seeing the world”, comfortable beds, and a decent meal

  13. Pearl Harbor: During the attack

  14. When It Happened • When Japanese Zeros attacked, the flag raising ceremonies were underway and the band was just starting the strands of the National Anthem

  15. Sunday, December 7th, 1941 • Because it was a Sunday, many men were sleeping in, or “at ease” all along the beaches • Chief John Finn was driving the ’38 Ford to the base when a Japanese Zero flying over his head • He then yelled “the damn Japs are attacking” • When Chief Finn stopped near the dock, he noticed that the Japs had already attacked, and they didn’t look like they were stopping anytime soon.

  16. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

  17. Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

  18. USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

  19. Pearl Harbor Memorial

  20. Aerial view of the USS Arizona Memorial

  21. 183 aircraft of the first attack wave were launched from the six Imperial Japanese Navy carriers; Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, Hiru, Zuikaku and Shokaku, 230 miles North of O'ahu at 6:00 A.M. - They were ordered to attack at 0750 A.M. by Lt. Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.

  22. At approximately 7:15 A.M. the second wave of aircraft was launched and 170 more aircraft were on their way to Pearl Harbor.

  23. Shiplocations • USS Arizona, California, Nevada, Maryland, Oklahoma, Tennessee, West Virginia, were south-west side of Ford Island • USS Pennsylvania, Shaw, Cassin, and Downes were dry docked near by

  24. Shattered by a direct hit, the USS Arizona burns and sinks, December 7, 1941.

  25. Damage at Pearl Harbor

  26. Deployment of attacking Japanese aircraft

  27. President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

  28. FDR calls this “a date which willlive in infamy”, and Congress declares that a state of war exists with Japan.

  29. Roosevelt signs the Declaration of War

  30. Ships during the attack • The ships that were at Pearl Harbor during the attack: • USS Arizona, USS California, USS Maryland, USS Nevada, USS Oklahoma, USS Tennessee, USS West Virginia • The ships that were dry docked: • USS Pennsylvania, USS Shaw, USS Cassin, USS Downes • There were only three ships that were missing from the docks: aircraft carriers- Lexington, Enterprise, and Saratoga

  31. Who made the order to attack? • Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo • Admiral Nagumo ordered the attack to continue, at 6:10am on the morning of December 7, 1941

  32. Six aircraft carriers launched off 353 aircrafts 40 torpedo bombers 135 dive bombers 104 horizontal bomber 81 strafing planes Only two planes didn’t make the attack 188 American planes would be destroyed 8 Battle ships were damaged or destroyed The First Two Waves

  33. Almost Immediately! • The USS Oklahoma and USS West Virginia took deadly hits

  34. USS Arizona • The shocking sight when Japan had stopped bombing was the USS Arizona burning. • The attack was so sudden, no one had a chance to try and defend themselves

  35. Naval Dispatch • “Air raid on Pearl Harbor. This is not a drill” • Naval Dispatch from headquarters

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