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The role of contact in the spreading of Arawak languages Lund, June 2-4, 2008

The role of contact in the spreading of Arawak languages Lund, June 2-4, 2008. Swintha Danielsen, Radboud University Nijmegen, University of Leipzig Michael Dunn, Max Planck Institute Nijmegen, Pieter Muysken, Radboud University Nijmegen.

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The role of contact in the spreading of Arawak languages Lund, June 2-4, 2008

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  1. The role of contact in the spreading of Arawak languagesLund, June 2-4, 2008 Swintha Danielsen, Radboud University Nijmegen, University of Leipzig Michael Dunn, Max Planck Institute Nijmegen, Pieter Muysken, Radboud University Nijmegen

  2. “The Arawak [...] languages were the most widely distributed language family in South America – perhaps in all of the Americas – in 1492. […] It was one of the great diasporas of the ancient world.” (Heckenberger 2002:99) Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  3. 2.2The Arawakan “ethos” (Santos-Granero 2002) 1 no endo-warfare 2 alliances with other Arawakan peoples (and cross-linguistic/ transethnic alliances) 3 emphasis of descent (social hierarchy) 4 inherited ranking (political organization) 5 importance of ritual or religion and long-distance trade relations • setting for language contact and possible creolization (cf. Hornborg 2005)  in addition: “Multilingualism was (and is) the norm among the Indian tribes of Amazonia.”(Dixon & Aikhenvald 1999) Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  4. 3.The role of contact of Arawaklanguages Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  5. “… although it is reasonably clear [which] language can be shown today to be genetically related within the Arawak language family, very little work has been done to determine how individual Arawakan languages relate to another inside the Arawak family.” (Facundes 2002:95–6) Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  6. Figure 2: Relation of Arawak languages according to Payne’s lexical retentions 1991 Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  7. Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  8. Figure 5: Arawak and other South American languages - Constenla 1991 Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  9. Figure 6: NeighborNet - Arawak languages - Constenla questionnaire Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  10. Figure 6b: NeighborNet - Arawak languages - Constenla questionnaire & SD Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  11. Correlation isolation by distance – Constenla & SD – increasing reliability 0,11 0,9 0,12 reliability levels 1-4 reliability levels 1-3 Constenla only: 0,8 0,6 0,7 Sahul: 0,5 0,3 reliability levels 1-2 Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  12. Neighbor Joining (distance) tree – Constenla & SD Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  13. What about the North/South subdivision? Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  14. “In view of its conspicuously riverine distribution, there is a distinct possibility that the Arawakan language family (i.e., proto-Arawak) similarly originated as a trade language of prehistoric Amazonia” (Hornborg 2005:602) Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

  15. Thank you very much for your attention! Danielsen, Dunn & Muysken

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