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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

Learn about the difference between physical and chemical properties of matter. Understand physical and chemical changes and how to recognize them. Explore examples and evidence of chemical reactions. Watch videos to see demonstrations of endothermic and exothermic reactions.

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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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  1. Friday, 9/22/17 Day 2 ScienceWarm Ups Agenda ARBookunder desk Sciencenotebook 1. Please have these Items on your desk. Fill out your Agenda. Science Starter: • What do you think a chemical property is? • What signs do you think you will see if a chemical change is occurring?

  2. Physical versus Chemical Properties

  3. Reviewing MATTER • Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space • Mass – the amount of matter in something • Volume – the amount of space something occupies • Which of the following is matter? • A car? • A box? • You?

  4. What is a property? • Property: a characteristic of a substance that can be observed

  5. Matter can be changed two ways • Physically • Physical reaction • Physical change • Chemically • Chemical reaction • Chemical change

  6. Physical Property Physical property: a property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. • Examples: • luster • malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet • ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire • melting point • boiling point • density • solubility • specific heat

  7. Special Physical Properties • Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure • Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water = 100oC

  8. Physical Changes • Do NOT CHANGE THE TYPE OF MATTER • Nothing new or different is formed Could be a change in: A. Size B. Change in state C. Color D. Shape

  9. Examples of Physical Changes A. Boiling B. Freezing C. Dissolving D. Breaking E. Making a mixture 2 or more types of matter (substances) mixed together • Not in specific amounts • Can be separated physically

  10. Chemical Properties • Chemical property: a property that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance Examples: • flammability • ability to rust • reactivity with vinegar

  11. Chemical Changes • The composition of the substance changes. • The substances present at the beginning of the change are not present at the end; new substances are formed. The change cannot be “undone.” Picture from www.chem4kids.com

  12. Evidence of Chemical Reactions • Chemical Reaction: The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances. • Temperature change • Color change • Gas or solid appears

  13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X328AWaJXvI • Bozeman video clip

  14. 4. An energy change (Temperature) • Endothermic reaction-a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat. • Exothermic reaction-a chemical reaction that releases energy. The energy “ex”its. It is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L-G7pLufXAo

  15. Example of everyday endothermic reactions • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7q04F-juT-c

  16. Examples of everyday exothermic reactions • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znsPa1BSaIM

  17. Chemical Changes • Atoms are re-arranged, NOT created or destroyed

  18. Law of Conservation of Matter • Matter is conserved type of atoms does not change • Nothing is created or destroyed

  19. Change of Matter::::Physical change: Identity Retained. This type involves a change in the observable properties of matter without a change of the substance identity.  In most physical change of matter, no bonds are broken between atoms and the identity of the substance is retained. • Example:  Phase Change  
In a phase change matter changes from solid, liquid or solid but the identity of the substance is retained. 


  20. Change of Matter:::::Chemical change: Identity Changed • This type of change refers to a material changing to a completely different type of material or transformation to a new substance. This process involves bond breaking and bond forming such that material changes identity. 
  • Example:  Decomposition of water. • In the decomposition of water, water molecules H2O are broken down to hydrogen and oxygen.

  21. Consider the following examples, which of these are phyiscal and which are chemical change • Heating sugar vs. adding sugar to water • Cutting wood vs. burning wood. 3. The electrolysis of water vs. ice melting.

  22. Answers. . . . . . . .. • Physical ChangeChemical Change 1. Sugar dissolving Sugar heating 2. Cutting Wood Burning Wood 3. Melting Ice Electrolysis of water

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