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By: Kristina Everding , Emily Lensing, Shannon Ditsch , and Danielle Vujovic

By: Kristina Everding , Emily Lensing, Shannon Ditsch , and Danielle Vujovic. The Effects of PNF Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Female Collegiate Soccer and Volleyball Players. Introduction. Hamstring flexibility in female soccer and volleyball players B enefits in PNF stretching

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By: Kristina Everding , Emily Lensing, Shannon Ditsch , and Danielle Vujovic

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  1. By: Kristina Everding, Emily Lensing, Shannon Ditsch, and Danielle Vujovic The Effects of PNF Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility in Female Collegiate Soccer and Volleyball Players

  2. Introduction • Hamstring flexibility in female soccer and volleyball players • Benefits in PNF stretching • Volleyball players more flexible

  3. Introduction Cont. • Three large muscle groups:

  4. Introduction Cont. • Tested three types of PNF stretching: • Hold and Relax • Contract and Relax • Relax with opposing muscle contraction • PNF relies on neuromuscular characteristics in order to relax the muscles • Improve flexibility by inhibiting muscle contraction

  5. Introduction Cont. • Studies are very contradictory • More research needed

  6. Participants • 24 total NCAA Division III female athletes • 12 soccer players • 12 volleyball players • All were between the ages of 18-23 • No current hamstring injuries • Participants for each team had similar fitness levels

  7. Measures, Instruments, Tasks • V Sit and Reach Box • Used to measure flexibility of lower back and hamstrings

  8. Measures, Instruments, Tasks • V Sit and Reach Test Protocol • Sitting on the ground • Legs straight out in front with knees flat to the ground with no shoes on • Feet are pressed against the V Sit and Reach Box • Participant will reach with both hand and push the knob as far as they can • They did they 3 times and took their best score

  9. Measures, Instruments, Tasks • Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) • Hold-Relax • Contract-Relax • Relax with opposing muscle contraction

  10. Procedure • 6 different trial days (nonconsecutive) • On days of normal practice/workouts • Took place in AWC for volleyball • Took place in Rockbowl for soccer • Trials were conducted immediately after practice

  11. Procedure • Half of the trial were followed by PNF stretching (2,4,6) • Other half was without PNF stretching (1,3,5) • On the stretching days, we split up the participants to ensure more accurate results • Stay warm and loose

  12. Results • Mean scores were found for each participant • A Dependent Samples T-test was conducted • Non- stretching mean: M=35.84 cm • PNF stretching mean: M=37.35 cm • There was a significant difference • P value: 0.001 and T value: -3.916

  13. Results • Two Independent Sample T-tests were conducted • Test 1: to determine if significant difference in scores before PNF stretching • Mean score for soccer players: M= 36.97cm • Mean score for volleyball players: M=34.71cm • Significant difference not was found (P=0.473, t=.548)

  14. Results • Test 2: to determine if difference in scores after PNF stretching • Mean score for soccer players: M=38.53cm • Mean score for volleyball players: M=36.12cm • Significant difference was not found (p=0.400, t=.609)

  15. Conclusion • Accept hypothesis 1 -PNF stretching increased ROM • This agrees with Silva et al. (2012), as they found that PNF stretching promotes a greater range of motion.

  16. Conclusion Cont. • Reject hypothesis 2 -Female soccer players had higher V Sit and Reach results than volleyball players. However, this difference was not significant.

  17. Extraneous Variables • Weather conditions • Intensity levels • Efficiency of data collection • Soreness of athlete

  18. Future Studies • Longer study duration • More participants • Smaller test administrator to participant ratio • Male study

  19. References Che-Hsiu, C., Tsun-Shun, H., Huei-Ming, C., Mei-Hwa, J., & Jiu-Jenq, L. (2013). Two stretching treatments for the hamstrings: proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation versus kinesio taping. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 22(1), 59-66. Chow, T. Y., & Nag, G. F. (2010). Active, passive and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching are comparable in improving the knee flexion range in people with total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 24(10), 911-918. Davis, D., Ashby, P.E., McCale, K.L., McQuain, J.A., & Wine, J.M. (2005). The effectiveness of 3 stretching techniques on hamstring flexibility using consistent stretching parameters. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 19(1), 27-32. Franco, B.L., Signorelli, G.R., Tragano, G.S., Costa, P.B., & Oliveira, C. G. (2012). Acute effects of three different stretching protocols on the wingate test performance. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 11(1), 1-7. Jordan, B., Korgaokar, A., Farley, R., & Caputo, J. (2012). Acute effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on agility performance in elite youth soccer players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 5(2), 97- 105. Pereira, M., & Gonçalves, M. (2012). Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation improves balance and knee extensors strength of older fallers. ISRN Rehabilitation, 1-7. Rubini, E., Souza, A., Mello, M., Bacurau, R., Cabral, L., & Farinatti, P. (2011). Immediate effect of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on hip adductor flexibility in female ballet dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 15(4), 177-181. Silva, S. B., De Faria, E. M., Almeida, J. B., Bernardes, R. C., Valenti, V. E., Vanderlei, L. M., & De Abreu, L. (2012). Effects of two proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques in different planes on hamstrings muscles of healthy subjects. Healthmed, 6(7), 2332-2338.

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