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Surveys and censuses

Surveys and censuses. William Bredemeyer Methodology Presentation GEOG 5161: Research Design 5 March 2012. Overview. Creswell 2009; Ellis 2009. Censuses. Used to count the population (labor/soldiers/tax) Origins: early empires Modern censuses with several variables (1800s-present).

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Surveys and censuses

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  1. Surveys and censuses William Bredemeyer Methodology Presentation GEOG 5161: Research Design 5 March 2012

  2. Overview Creswell 2009; Ellis 2009

  3. Censuses • Used to count the population (labor/soldiers/tax) • Origins: early empires • Modern censuses with several variables (1800s-present) Weeks 2008

  4. McGrew & Monroe 2000; Triola 2001

  5. Biases in survey research: Some threats to validity • Selection bias & non-response bias • Loaded questions & order of items in a list Triola 2001; Freedman et al. 2007

  6. Reliability • When using multiple items to form a scaled score, check that they are consistent with tools such as Cronbach’s alpha. • An alpha score closer to 1 indicates more correlation between items (0.7 or 0.8 is sufficient for most social science applications). Bland & Altman 1997

  7. Geographic challenges with survey & census data analysis Zolnik 2009

  8. Applications of censuses and surveys in geography

  9. References • Bland, J Martin and Douglas G. Altman. 1997. Statistics notes:Cronbach's alpha. BMJ 314: 572. • Creswell, John W. 2009. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. 3rd edition Sage: Los Angeles. • Ellis, Mark. 2009. Vital statistics. The Professional Geographer 61, no. 3: 301-309. • Freedman, David, Robert Pisani, and Roger Purves. 2007. Statistics. 4th edition. W. W. Norton & Company: New York. • Holloway, Steven R., Richard Wright, and Mark Ellis. 2012. The racially fragmented city? Neighborhood racial segregation and diversity jointly considered. The Professional Geographer 64, no. 1: 63-82. • Jones, Richard C. 2009. Migration permanence and village decline in Zacatecas: When you can’t go home again. The Professional Geographer 61, no. 3: 382-399. • McGrew, J. Chapman, Jr., and Charles B. Monroe. 2000. An introduction to statistical problem solving in geography. 2nd edition McGraw-Hill: Boston. • Patterson, Lauren A. and Martin W. Doyle. 2011. Hypsographic demography across scale. The Professional Geographer 63, no. 4: 514-530. • Schwanen, Tim, Frans M. Dieleman, and Martin Dijst. 2004. The impact of metropolitan structure on commute behavior: A multilevel approach. Growth and Change 35, no. 3: 304-333. • Triola, Mario F. 2001. Elementary statistics. 8th edition Addison-Wesley: Boston. • Weeks, John R. 2008. Population: An introduction to concepts and issues. 4th edition Thomson Wadsworth: Belmont, CA. • Zolnik, Edmund J. 2009. Context in human geography: A multilevel approach to study human-environment interactions.The Professional Geographer 61, no. 3: 336-349.

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