What We Know About Obesity and Being Overweight

1. MediBuddy The Burden of Being Obese What Is Obesity? A medical condition in which excess body fat accumulates to the extent that it has a negative effect on health and reduces life expectancy. OVERWEIGHT OBESE BMI >= 30 BMI >= 25 BMI classifies obesity. BMI = weight in kilograms (height in meters)2 kg m2 = Causes Obesity develops gradually over time. Genes Believed to affect fat distribution and storage. Family history Not owing to genetics — family members share similar eating and activity habits. Unhealthy diet Fast food, oversized portions, bad eating habits (eating between meals, preference to sweets, refined foods, and fats), lack of fruits and vegetables. Sedentary lifestyle Physical inactivity. Medicines Corticosteroids, antidepressants and medicines used for seizures cause weight gain. Medical conditions Due to hormonal disturbances such as: Hypothyroidism PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) Emotional factors Sadness, boredom, stress or anger triggers excessive eating. Lack of sleep Too much or too less sleep disbalances hormones. Age As age increases, reduced muscle mass, hormonal changes, and an inactive lifestyle increase the risk of obesity. Pregnancy Weight gained by women which they find difficult to lose. Signs/Symptoms Complications Type 2 Diabetes Sleep apnea Hypertension Coronary heart disease and stroke Asthma Metabolic syndrome Cancer Gallstones Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Osteoarthritis Low back pain Reduced fertility Liver disease Kidney disease Excess fat around the waist A higher than normal BMI Breathlessness Back and joint pains Psychological problems such as low confidence or self-esteem Increased sweating Snoring Lethargy Inability to cope with sudden physical activity Treatment/ Management Lifestyle changes: Healthy eating habits Physical activity Behavioral changes Anti-obesity medications Weight loss surgeries Vagal nerve blockade Assessment of obesity: BMI Waist circumference Waist: Hip ratio (WHR) Waist: Hip ratio (WHR) BMI Waist circumference Routine evaluation of co-morbidity such Diabetes Hypertension Dyslipidemia Heart disease Heart disease Diabetes Hypertension Dyslipidemia Tests for obesity-related health complications Fasting lipid profile Liver function tests Thyroid function tests Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) Fasting lipid profile Liver function tests Thyroid function tests Fasting glucose and haemoglobin 35.70% 6.01% BMI Groups 4.71% 10.59% 42.98% Obese Moderately Obese Overweight Normal Underweight 4.7% 4.7% 9.7% 6.0% 7.1% 10.8% 12.7% 13.6% 13.3% 22.0% 27.9% 39.6% 36.0% 42.6% 44.5% 44.5% 54.0% 42.5% 34.9% 38.5% 36.7% 22.7% 8.7% 3.9% 2.5% 1.9% 43.2% 42.3% 6.4% 4.9% Adults 30-45 years Older Adults 45-60 years Seniors 60+ years Teens below 19 years Young Adults 20-30 years Female Male In 2014 more than Obesity DOUBLED worldwide since 1980 41 million children > 5 years 1.9 billion adults > 18 years were overweight More than 51%* INDIANS are overweight (*India Fit Report 2018) OVERWEIGHTS DELHI (NCR) HYDERABAD CHENNAI BENGALURU PUNE MUMBAI KOLKATA AHMEDABAD MOST WAIST SIZE India’s average waist size is 35.31 inches (Male: 35.36 in : Female: 35.12 in) BY CITY BY AGE 36.00 35.69 35.45 36.95 36.43 35.62 35.43 34.74 34.35 35.39 35.25 35.10 34.94 Adults 30-45 years Older Adults 45-60 years Seniors 60+ years Teens below 19 years Young Adults 20-30 years AHMEDABAD BENGALURU CHENNAI DELHI HYDERABAD KOLKATA MUMBAI PUNE medibuddy.in