1 / 32

Aerospace Dimensions – Module 2 Aircraft Systems & Airports

Aerospace Dimensions – Module 2 Aircraft Systems & Airports. Aerospace For Cadets. Airplane Systems Combustion Reciprocating Aircraft Engines Jet (Turbine) Engines Controls & Instruments Airports Layout, Signs & Makings FAA Flight Profile Phonetic Alphabet Aeronautical Charts

medwin
Download Presentation

Aerospace Dimensions – Module 2 Aircraft Systems & Airports

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Aerospace Dimensions – Module 2Aircraft Systems & Airports Aerospace For Cadets Airplane Systems • Combustion • Reciprocating Aircraft Engines • Jet (Turbine) Engines • Controls & Instruments Airports • Layout, Signs & Makings • FAA • Flight Profile • Phonetic Alphabet Aeronautical Charts • Sectional Charts, Legend, Features • Airport Information • Latitude & Longitude Rev. 0 – Feb 2009 Bruce Bream, LtCol. / CAP Eagle Composite Squadron Ohio Wing Civil Air Patrol

  2. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Introduction • Airplane Systems Learning Outcomes • Reciprocating Aircraft Engine Operation • Recognize Engine Parts • Jet (Turbine) Engine Operation • Cockpit Powerplant Controls • Flight Instruments

  3. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Combustion Combustion Atomize the fuel  Add an oxygen  Then a spark Chemical process  Mechanical energy • Fuel: AvGas or Jet fuel carried in aircraft tanks • Oxidizer: Air (21% oxygen) Fuel to Air Mixture Ratio • Rich = More fuel than air Stoichiometric ratio (STO-kee-oh-met-rik) • Mixture Ratio that uses ALL the Fuel and Oxidizer Mixture changes with altitude to get same mixture ratio • Thinner air has less oxygen content Ignition • Spark plug run by high voltage from a magneto Combustion is just one part of an engine cycle

  4. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Reciprocating Engines Brought to you by INTERNAL Combustion Reciprocating Engine • Engine parts reciprocate • Move back and forth • Combustion chamber • Piston stroke in the cylinder • 4-Stroke Operating Cycle • Intake, Compression, Power, Exhaust • Magneto & Spark plugs • Ignite fuel and air in the cylinder • Air and oil cooled rpm = revolutions per minute Let’s look at some airplane engine parts Animation Credit: http::www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/engopt.html

  5. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems – Reciprocating Engines Animation Credit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine

  6. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Reciprocating Engines • Carburetor • Mixes fuel and air for a reciprocating engine • Venturi uses the Bernoulli Principle • Drops pressure to mix and vaporize fuel Usually found on the bottom of the engine

  7. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Reciprocating Engines

  8. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Turbine Engines Intake Compression Combustion Exhaust Afterburner Sprays fuel into Exhaust Turbine (Jet) Engine • Continuous Combustion Cycle • Everything rotates around and flows along the centerline shaft

  9. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Turbine Engines • GE-90 Turbofan • - Engine Inlet inspection • - 115,000 lb thrust • - 45:1 compression • - 660 psi to combustor • - Weights 18,260 lbs • - 3,000 lbs/sec air flow • - Fan turns at 2,500 rpm

  10. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Turbine Engines

  11. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems -Instrumentation Flight Instruments Typical General Aviation Aircraft Instrumentation (pre-glass panel) Engine Instruments Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) Tachometer (rpm) Manifold Pressure

  12. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems -Instrumentation Gyroscopic Instruments Attitude Indicator (artificial horizon) Spinning gyro rotor provides stable reference in space Heading Indicator (stabilized compass) Turn Coordinator (rate of turn) Also Skid/Slip Ball

  13. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Instrumentation Pitot Tube Ram air pressure Static Port Non-moving air pressure • Pitot/Static System Instruments • Standard Pressure • 29.92” Hg (English) = 1013.2 millibars (Metric) • Pressure drops with altitude • 1 inch per 1000 feet • Instruments use two air probes: Airspeed Indicator (pitot to static) Altimeter (static pressure) Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) (static rate)

  14. Aerospace Dimensions: Airplane Systems –Engine Controls Propeller RPM (Constant pitch propellers) Throttle quadrant Throttle Mixture Ratio

  15. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Overview • Airports Learning Outcomes • Role of the FAA • Flight Profile • GA Airport Layout • Taxiway & Runway Signs & Markings • Phonetic Alphabet

  16. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – FAA • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) • Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) • Regulate air transportation • Standards for Aircraft and Airports • Pilot certification • Air Traffic Control (ATC) • In-flight • Towered Airports

  17. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Flight Profile • Cruise • Descent • Approach to landing • Takeoff • Climb • Landing • Taxi • Shut down • Preflight • (VFR & IFR) • Taxi

  18. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Lighting Airport Rotating Beacons Water Airport White / Yellow Public Airport White / Green Heliport White / Green / Yellow Military Airfield White / White / Green

  19. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Lighting VASI – Visual Approach Slope Indicator PAPI – Precision Approach Path Indicator Approach Flight Path Guidance Lighting

  20. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Signs Wind Direction Indicators Location Signs Direction & Destination Signs Mandatory Signs Remaining runway In 1,000’s of feet 6 ILS Information Signs UNICOM 122.9

  21. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Runway & Taxiway Markings N 360° 18 R E 90° W 270° S 180° 36 L 18 L Visual Runway 27 9 Non-Precision Approach A 9-27 A 9-27↑ 18R-36L↑ B • Runway Number • Magnetic Heading • 2 digits • Degrees / 10 Ramp 36 R 36L-18R B Precision Approach

  22. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Lighting 18 36 Runway Lighting • Runway • Edge • Lights • White in • Red out Taxiway Edge Lights – Blue Centerline In-Runway Lights – White • Runway End • Identification Lights • (REIL) • Strobes • Runway Threshold Lights • Green facing approach • Red facing runway Approach Lighting System (ALS)

  23. Aerospace Dimensions: Airports – Phonetic Alphabet A Alpha (Al fah) B Bravo(Brah voh) C Charlie(Char lee) D Delta(Dell tah) E Echo (Eck-oh) F Foxtrot(Foks trot) G Golf (Golf) H Hotel (Hoh tell) I India (In dee ah) J Juliet (Joo lee ett) K Kilo (Kee loh) L Lima (Lee mah) M Mike (Mike) N November (No vem ber) O Oscar (Oss cah) P Papa (Pah pah) Q Quebec (Keh beck) R Romeo (Row me oh) S Sierra (See air rah) T Tango (Tang go) U Uniform (U nee form) V Victor (Vik tah) W Whiskey (Wiss kee) X X-Ray (Ecksray) Y Yankee (Yang kee) Z Zulu (Zoo loo) • 1 Wun • 2 Too • 3 Tree • 4 Fo-wer • 5 Fife • 6 Six • 7 Seven • 8 Ate • Niner • 0 Zero

  24. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts –Introduction • Aeronautical Charts Learning Outcomes • Sectional Chart Layout • Chart Legend • Reading Latitude and Longitude • Identify Features • Read Airport Information

  25. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts – Deg, Min, Sec N 0° • 360 degrees in a circle • 60 minutes in a degree • 60 seconds in a minute Degrees ° Minutes ’ Seconds " E 90° W 270° 60 seconds 1 minute S 180° 60 minutes 1 degree Q: How many seconds in a degree?

  26. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts – Latitude & Longitude • Parallels of Latitude • Measured from Equator • 0 to 90 degrees North and South 90° N – North Pole 60° N 30° N 0° Equator 30° S 60° S 90° S – South Pole • Meridians of Longitude • Measured from Prime Meridian • 0 to 180 degrees East and West • Converge at poles N 0° Measured in Degrees, Minutes, Seconds 1 degree = 60 minutes 1 minute = 60 seconds 90° W 90° E S

  27. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts – Map Coordinates 40 degrees 30 minutes North Latitude 40 degrees North Latitude Prime Meridian is 0° Longitude Longitude measured from Prime Meridian 85 degrees West Longitude 84 degrees 30 minutes West Longitude Latitude measured from Equator Equator is 0° Latitude

  28. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts – Distance & Speed 1 Nautical Mile = 6,076 feet 1 Nautical Mile (nm) = 6076 feet = 1 minute of longitude at the equator 1 Statue Mile (sm) = 5,280 feet 1 Statute Mile = 5,280 feet Conversion factor: 1 nm = 1.15 sm Example: 25 nm = 28.7 sm Sectional chart 1:500,000 inches or 1” = 8 nm Knot = 1 nm per hour (Measures speed) 100 knots = 115 mph

  29. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts –Sectionals Sectional Aeronautical Charts • Sectional chart scale 1:500,000 inches • 1” on the chart = 8 nm on the ground • Each chart covers 8° of Longitude and 4° of Latitude • Named after a city on the chart

  30. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts – Legend Navigation Aids Towers Airports Cities Wildlife refuges Water ATC Airspace Railroad

  31. Aerospace Dimensions: Aeronautical Charts –Airport Info NEIL ARMSTRONG – Airport Name (AXV)– ICAO Airport Identifier AWOS-3 128.325 – Automated Weather Observation Service frequency 913 – Elevation in feet Mean Sea Level (MSL) *L – Lighted runway ( * = with some limitations) 55 – Length of longest runway in hundreds of feet 122.8 – Common Traffic Advisory Frequency Rotating Beacon Uncontrolled Airport - MAGENTA Control Tower Airport - BLUE CUYAHOGA CO – Airport Name (CGF) – ICAO Airport Identifier CT - 118.5* – Control Tower Frequency (* means not 24hr) 879 – Elevation in feet MSL *L– Lighted runway ( * = with some limitations) 51– Length of longest runway in hundreds of feet 122.95– Unicom for FBO

  32. Questions?

More Related