A GA K HAN D EVELOPMENT N ETWORK

1. AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK

2. What is the AKDN? The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) is a group of international, private, non-denominational development agencies and institutions that seek to empower communities and individuals, usually in disadvantaged circumstances, to improve living conditions and opportunities.

3. “There are those who enter the world in such poverty that they are deprived of both the means and the motivation to improve their lot. Unless they can be touched with the spark which ignites the spirit of individual enterprise and determination, they will only sink into apathy, degradation and despair. It is for us, who are more fortunate, to provide that spark.” His Highness the Aga Khan

4. About the AKDN’s Founder • His Highness the Aga Khan is the 49th hereditary Imam of the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims and a direct descendant of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him); • He has emphasised the view of Islam as a thinking, spiritual faith, one that teaches compassion and tolerance and that upholds the dignity of man, Allah's noblest creation; • In recent generations, the Aga Khan’s family has followed a tradition of international service; • Over the years the Aga Khan has received numerous decorations, honorary degrees, and awards in recognition of the various dimensions of his work Stone Town Zanzibar, Tanzania

5. Core Theme: Education Pre-Primary Primary and Secondary Higher Education Cross Cutting • Early childhood care and education programmes • Manages pre-schools • Human Development Programme • Develops and operates • Primary and secondary schools in rural and urban areas • Centre of Excellence schools • School Improvement Programmes (public, private, community) • Professional Development Centres • International Academic Partnership • Institute for Educational Development • Masters programme • In-service teacher training • Humanities Programme • Policy reform • Action research • Curriculum development Madrasa programme Kampala, Uganda Sultan Mohammed Shah School Karachi, Pakistan AKU-Institute for Educational Development

6. Health Primary Care Service delivery Higher Education Cross Cutting • Community health care programmes • Builds village-level capacity (CHNs TBAs, LHVs) • Immunisation • Health promotion • Mobilisation • Health education • Develops and operates • Basic health care centres in rural areas • Secondary health care facilities • Diagnostic centres • Maternity homes • Referral hospitals • Medical education • Nursing education • Pre-service • In-service • Public health training • Health sector reform • Technical assistance to government systems • Infectious diseases programmes Lady Health Visitor Kwale,Kenya Aga Khan Hospital AKU-Faculty of Health Sciences

7. Rural Development Rural savings and credit Northern Areas, Pakistan Bridge and irrigation channel construction Tajikistan Agricultural inputs North Coast, Mozambique Check-dam construction Gujarat, India Farming practices Kwale, Kenya Social mobilisation Chitral, Pakistan

8. Housing Construction of Professional Development Centre, Gilgit, Pakistan Water supply Gujarat, India Sanitation Zanzibar, Tanzania

9. NGO Enhancement Micro Macro Development management education and leadership development Enabling Environment Initiative Strengthening civil society organisations Building a knowledge base on civil society Developing professional associations and networks Indigenous Philanthropy

10. Economic Development Zanzibar Serena Inn Zanzibar, Tanzania Financial Services Development Credit Bank, India Azito Energie Côte d’Ivore Fastoplast SA Burkina Faso Frigoken Kenya Enterprise Support Facility Khorog, Tajikistan

11. Architecture Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Historic Cities Support Programme Karimabad and Balit Project, Hunza, Pakistan ArchNet.org Geoffrey Bawa, Sri Lanka Recipient of the Chairman’s Award, 2001 Aga Khan Award for Architecture, 8th Cycle Publication Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Award for Architecture Ceremony Egypt

12. Culture Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia Silk Road Project with Yo-Yo Ma Smithsonian Folklife Festival 2002 Aga Khan Museum (under development) Toronto, Canada Institute for Studies in Muslim Civilisations London, UK

13. “My conviction is that the strengthening of institutions supporting pluralism is as critical for the welfare and progress of human society as are poverty alleviation and conflict prevention. In fact all three are intimately related. ... The inability of human society to recognise pluralism as a fundamental value constitutes a real handicap for its development and a serious danger for our future.” His Highness the Aga Khan Pluralism

14. AKDN’s Geographic Presence: 31 Countries in 6 Regions • Central Asia • Afghanistan • Kazakhstan • Kyrgyz Republic • Tajikistan • Europe and North America • Bosnia-Herzegovina • Canada • France • Portugal • Russian Federation • Spain • Switzerland • United Kingdom • United States of America • Middle East • Egypt • Iran • Syria • South Asia • Bangladesh • India • Pakistan • West Africa • Burkina Faso • Congo • Côte d’Ivoire • Mali • Niger • Senegal • Eastern Africa • Kenya • Madagascar • Mauritius • Mozambique • Tanzania • Uganda

15. AKDN’s Organisational Structure: Foundations Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Culture Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University University of Central Asia Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

16. AGA KHAN FOUNDATION • Seeks to develop and promote creative solutions to problems that impede social development, primarily in Asia and Eastern Africa; • Focuses on rural development, education, health and enhancement of non-governmental organisations; and • Has interest in cross-cutting issues of gender and human resource development. • Founded in 1967. Has branches and independent affiliates in 14 countries. Village Organisation Sost, Northern Areas, Pakistan

17. AGA KHAN TRUST FOR CULTURE • Focuses on culture as a means to enhance the physical, social and economic revitalisation of communities in the Islamic world; and • Aims to recognise excellence in architecture, conservation and creative re-use of historic buildings and public spaces and strengthen education of architectural practice. • In addition to the Aga Khan Award for Architecture and the Museum Unit, conducts the Historic Cities Support Programme and Education and Culture Programme. Al-Azhar Park Project and Conservation and Rehabilitation of Darb al-Ahzar,Cairo, Egypt

18. Universities Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Culture Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University University of Central Asia Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

19. AGA KHAN UNIVERSITY • Aims to promote human welfare by disseminating knowledge and by providing instruction, training, research and services; • Comprises the Faculty of Health Sciences (Medical College, School of Nursing, University Hospital), Institute for Educational Development, Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations. Under development are the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Institute for Human Development; • Maintains relationships with leading international universities; and • Has campuses in Pakistan, East Africa and UK. Established in 1983. Has over 3,500 alumni. Faculty of Health Sciences campus Karachi, Pakistan

20. UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL ASIA • World’s first university dedicated to education and research in mountain regions and societies; • Founded by treaty between Tajikistan, Kyrgyz Republic, Kazakhstan and Ismaili Imamat • Located on three campuses Khorog, Tajikistan; Tekeli, Kazakhstan; and Naryn, Kyrgyz Republic; • Will offer programmes in Mountain Development, Liberal Arts and Continuing Education and Training; and • Will use state-of the-art distance learning technology and English as medium of instruction. Campus location Khorog, Tajikistan

21. Private, not-for-profit social service delivery agencies Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Culture Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University University of Central Asia Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

22. Aga Khan Education Services • Operates over 300 schools across Eastern Africa, South and Central Asia, from pre-school to higher secondary levels. • Enrols 55,000 students and employs 3,500 staff; • Aims to diminish the many obstacles to educational access, quality and achievement; and • Emphasis on excellence in educational practice and management, child-centred learning, female education, ethics and school-based teacher training. Aga Khan School Karachi, Pakistan

23. Aga Khan Health Services • Operates 320 medical facilities in Eastern Africa, South and Central Asia, comprising primary health care centres in rural areas, dispensaries, diagnostic centres, maternity homes and referral hospitals; • Provides technical support in the management of government health systems; and • Cares for 1 million people annually and employs 3,900 staff. • Major initiatives include assisting communities in manage their health, providing care in modern, efficient and cost-effective facilities and educating health professionals. Aga Khan Hospital Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

24. Aga Khan Planning and Building Services • Improves the built environment through design and construction, village planning, natural hazard mitigation, environmental sanitation and improved water supply systems; • Provides material and technical assistance and construction management services for rural and urban areas; and • Develops appropriate, low-cost ‘technologies’ for the built environment. Water and Sanitation activities Sangodra, India

25. For-profit venture capital development agency Tourism Promotion Services Financial Services Industrial Promotion Services THE IMAMAT AGA KHAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK Social Development Economic Development Culture Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development Aga Khan Trust for Culture Aga Khan Foundation Aga Khan University University of Central Asia Aga Khan Education Services Aga Khan Health Services Aga Khan Planning and Building Services Aga Khan Award for Architecture Education and Culture Programme Historic Cities Support Programme

26. Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development • Strengthens the private sector in developing countries by promoting entrepreneurial activity and supporting private sector initiatives; • Catalyses investment in developing or transitional economies; • Constructs or rehabilitates infrastructure and builds economically viable enterprises; • Operates over 100 companies in the hotel, banking, insurance, microfinance, property development, telecommunications, agro-processing, power, printing and textile industries; and • Employs over 15,000 staff. Sewing factory Enterprise Support Facility Khorog, Tajikistan

27. Defining characteristics: Grounded in Ethics Inclusiveness Education and Research Governance Compassion and Sharing Sustainable environment Sound mind Self-reliance Respect for life and healthcare

28. Works in difficult, often marginalised places Post-conflict Afghanistan Resource-poor Syria Harsh climate and terrain Tajikistan

29. Takes a long-term perspective • Engages for the long term to ensure sustainability - in some areas for over 30 years; • Moves communities from poverty to self-reliance; • Has its own funding sources, reducing the impact of ‘peaks and valleys’ in donor funding; and • Builds lasting institutions. 1989 1990 1999 Rural development Gujarat, India

30. Protocols • Has agreements and protocols with over 20 countries and international bodies; • Provides AKDN with • Fiscal privileges • Ability to bring in world-class expertise • Sustained relationships with host governments; and • Demonstrates AKDN’s long-term commitment. His Highness with President Karzai, 2002 Afghanistan

31. Area development approach EXAMPLE: Northern Pakistan AKFED: Micro-credit AKES: Sultanabad school AKPBS: Water supply AKF: Agriculture AKU: PDC Gilgit AKHS: Lady Health Visitor AKTC: Ganesh restoration

32. “Development is sustainable only if the beneficiaries become, in a gradual manner, the masters of the process. This means that initiatives cannot be contemplated exclusively in economic terms, but rather as an integrated programme that encompasses social and cultural dimensions” His Highness the Aga Khan

33. Broad range of capabilities • Privileged relationships with a broad range of partners • Governments – policy dialogue • Donor agencies – funding and expertise • Technical experts – world-leading expertise • Field-level NGOs – operational experience • Communities – ownership; • Scale (all numbers are for 2002) • Annual expenditure: US $825 million • Not-for-profit expenditure: US $235 million • Number of employees: 28,200; • Developed deep expertise in specific fields • For example in high-mountain and coastal area development; • Efficiency and effectiveness • Innovation • Systematic, cross-sector and cross-geography learning • Relentless focus on quality, evaluation and impact assessment; and • Can draw on a diverse set of institutions - to tackle a range of development challenges. EUPEK School Improvement Programme Kampala, Uganda

34. Grounded in a constituency • Draws from the presence, locally and globally of the Ismaili community: • Extensive voluntary support • Leadership and governance • Institutional infrastructure • Local knowledge and access • Financial support. Partnership Walk Houston, USA

35. Key drivers • Field-driven • Over 99 percent of AKDN’s staff is in the field; • Community-based • Mobilises and engages communities to identify, prioritise and implement development projects; • Creates opportunities and not dependence • Provides an environment as well as support, for communities to take control of their development; and • Facilitates a slip-stream of investment • Pioneers development models that others can use • Invests seed ‘development’ capital that is leveraged by other investments • Leads work in ‘hard-to-reach’ areas, allowing others to join in the development process. Community group constructing pre-school facility Zanzibar, Tanzania

36. Impact: Improved economic indicators… “While the AKRSP (Aga Khan Rural Support Programme) is at the top end of a range of global and local comparators for operating costs per household, the estimated economic rate of return of at least 16 percent – probably closer to 25 to 30 percent if all benefits could be quantified and attributed – suggests the investment choices have been sound and the program has been highly efficient” World Bank Operations and Evaluation Department, 2002 1987 2000 AKRSP programme area Passu, Northern Areas, Pakistan

37. …and social indicators Health case study: Gujarat Health Systems Development Programme Indicator 1998 2002 Immunisation 49% 74% Post-natal check-up 13% 57% Antenatal registration 36% 70% Incidence of anemia 46% 21% Community health centre Gujarat, India

38. Built local capacity and infrastructure • Strengthens local capacity through training, staff development, and replacing expatriate staff with locals; • Strengthens existing and builds new local institutions; • Enhances government capacity; and • Creates infrastructure, for example: • Schools and hospitals • Banks • Roads, bridges and dams • Power plants. Bridge linking Afghanistan and Tajikistan, 2002 Shugnan, Badakshan

39. Policy reform • Education – contributed to setting national policies and curricula in early childhood education, in Pakistan and East Africa • Health – reformed the pharmaceutical regime in Gorno-Badakshan, Tajikistan • NGO Enhancement – enacted legislation for private sector tax incentives, to enhance social sector giving – Pakistan, Kenya and Tanzania • Rural development – policy changes in forestry and irrigation to enable sustainable development – India Health sector Gorno-Badakshan, Tajikistan

40. Setting new standards Nursing profession in Pakistan AKU-School of Nursing Setting standards in corporate citizenship, quality service and progressive employment practices. Nairobi Serena Hotel Centre of Excellence school Mombasa, Kenya

41. “Poverty is a problem whose import is ignored at great peril. Perhaps, the greatest lesson of the tragedy of conflict that has recently engulfed this region is the need to attack its true roots. These lie not in religion or in corruption, but rather in deprivation, poverty, exclusion and lack of opportunity – and therefore hope. ... We firmly believe that the disadvantaged amongst us must be able to build a sound and secure future with dignity and pride – and not merely to survive.” His Highness the Aga Khan