And don’t make me have to tell you twice!

1. Hey you kids, get out a sheet of paper and write your name, date, and period in the upper right hand corner. Title this paper “Jackson Day 1 CFU” And don’t make me have to tell you twice!

2. What would the Founding Fathers have thought about Andrew Jackson? What would Jefferson think? What would Hamilton think?

3. Jackson on Democracy “The principle of rotation…that the duties of all public officers are so plain and simple that men of intelligence may rapidly qualify themselves for their performance. In a country were offices are created solely for the benefit of the people not one man has any more intrinsic right to official station than another.” -President Jackson, 1829

4. What were the main points Dr. Feller made about Jacksonian Democracy?

5. The County Election by George Caleb Bingham. Bingham had experience in Missouri politics, which he used to inform this work, painted in 1851. What does this painting tell you about how the new “modern” elections worked, in Bingham’s depiction?

6. The Age of Jackson(Part 1) THE AGE OF JACKSON (PART 1)

7. Post War of 1812 changes: Economic Changes: • Post war industrialization in the Northeast • Refocus away from Europe • Improvement of internal transportation & communication • Cotton rapidly comes to dominate the Southern economy Political Changes: • Economic prosperity more equally distributed • Opportunity = greater democratic participation • Many Americans felt that govt should prevent unfair advantages • Westward movement helps to bring down barriers to voting • Growth & acceptance of political parties

8. The Origins of Nullification Factors contributing to the crisis: • Southern cotton economy = aggressive defense of slavery • Nat Turner’s Slave Rebellion in 1831 • The Tariff of 1828 (aka “The Tariff of Abominations”.) John C. Calhoun of South Carolina

9. Nullification Doctrine Calhoun penned a pamphlet called “Exposition & Protest”: • Federal legislation detrimental to a state > could be ruled null and void (tariffs) • If ¾ of states nullified a law it would be void nation wide • Federal govt interference was grounds for secession from the Union “Hey you kids, get off my lawn!”

10. Webster-Hayne Debates *See Mr. Harper’s Lecture Notes

11. 1832 – The Nullification Crisis • In 1832, Congress passed yet another Tariff Bill. • A state convention in SC nullified the Tariffs of 1828 & 1832 and threatened secession if the govt attempted to use force. • Calhoun resigns as VP and is elected as senator. • SC Legislature made provisions for the raising & arming of troops.

12. 1832 – Nullification Crisis Jackson’s Response: • Federal laws cannot be disobeyed • Secession was illegal • Disunion by force was treason • Jackson secured a Force Bill from Congress, which granted him authority to prepare for military action. US Navy ships were deployed, and forts in the region were reinforced.

13. Cooler Heads Prevail Clay’s Compromise of 1833: • A new tariff bill would pass providing for a gradual reduction of tariffs over 10 years. • The president was authorized to use the military to collect taxes in SC. • South Carolina was to suspend and ultimately rescind the ordinance of nullification. So, who won? Henry Clay

14. American Attitudes about the Indians Rationale for action: • Indians stood in the way of progress – esp. in the South. • Indians could not, nor would not assimilate. • Assimilation in the South was very unpopular – if we assimilate the “Red Man” how long before we are called on to assimilate the “Black Man.” • Indian removal was not a national priority until the expansion of political democracy. Sketch of a Creek Indian

15. “Sharp Knife” and the Indians 1830 Indian Removal Act Legislation proposed Indian lands within the 24 states be exchanged for lands west of the Mississippi River. 1831 Cherokee Nation v. Georgia Court ruled that Indians were “domestic dependents” of the Federal Govt and not subject to state laws. 1832 Worcester v. Georgia State of Georgia was ordered not to interfere with the Cherokee. *Jackson will quietly pressure the governor of Georgia to acquiesce (Why?), while the Cherokee will be encouraged to remove to the west.

16. The Trail of Tears The Cherokee ultimately sign the Treaty of Echota in 1835. While given two years to prepare for the move to the West, many Cherokee believed that a compromise could be found. They were wrong. Georgia authorities, itching to rid themselves of the “Redskins”, were very harsh when they forcibly evicted the Cherokee.

17. Jackson the “Great Father” • Jackson believed that he was sparing the Indians annihilation. • To him the Indians constituted a danger and threat to the security of the US. • To preserve Indian culture, it must be removed from white culture. *Although they came at a high price, were Jackson’s policies toward the Indians correct?