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Infrared Spectroscopy

Infrared Spectroscopy. Electromagnetic radiation. Ultraviolet 190 nm to 400 nm Electronic transitions s to s * p to p * Visible 400 nm to 700 nm Electronic transitions involving molecular orbitals. Electromagnetic Radiation. Infrared 800 nm to 2500 nm Near infrared

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Infrared Spectroscopy

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  1. Infrared Spectroscopy

  2. Electromagnetic radiation • Ultraviolet • 190 nm to 400 nm • Electronic transitions s to s* p to p* • Visible • 400 nm to 700 nm • Electronic transitions involving molecular orbitals

  3. Electromagnetic Radiation • Infrared • 800 nm to 2500 nm • Near infrared • 2500 nm (4000 cm-1) to 15000 nm (667 cm-1) • Ordinary infrared • 15000 nm to 200000 nm • Far infrared

  4. Energy and vibrations • Energy is measured in cm-1 • 4000 cm-1 is the high energy end and 667 cm-1 is the low energy end. • Vibrations • Stretching (require higher energy) • Bending (normally involve several bonds) • C=C at higher energy than C-C

  5. NonaneC-H stretch and C-H bends CH2 bend CH3 bend C-H stretch, sp3

  6. 1-OcteneC-H stretch, C=C stretch, CH bend sp2 CH str C=C str sp3 CH str CH bends

  7. 1-OctyneCH stretch, C≡C stretch C≡C str sp CH str CO2

  8. m-XyleneAromatic peaks 2000-1667 CH > 3000 1600,1500 650-800

  9. PhenanthreneAromatic peaks CH > 3000 and 650-800 cm-1

  10. 1-PentanolOH stretch, CH stretch, CH bend, CO stretch C-O str, 1000-1200

  11. 2-Butanol OH stretch, CH stretch, CH bend, CO stretch

  12. 4-Methyl-2-pentanoneCH stretch, C=O stretch C=O str

  13. 4-MethylacetophenoneCH stretch, C=O stretch C=O < 1700, conjugated

  14. PentanalCH and CHO stretches, C=O stretch Water C=O stretch

  15. BenzaldehydeCH and CHO stretches, C=O stretch, aromatic peaks CHO stretches C=O str < 1700

  16. Hexanoic acidOH stretch and C=O stretch OH stretch C=O str

  17. Ethyl benzoateCH stretch, C=O and C-O stretches C=O str, 1725 cm-1 C-O stretch

  18. Isobutyl amineNH stretch, NH bend

  19. Diisopropyl amine NH stretch, NH bend

  20. Methyl formamideNH stretch, C=O stretch

  21. BenzonitrileCN stretch C≡N stretch Aromatic

  22. NitrobenzeneNO stretches (asymmetric and symmetric) NO stretch

  23. The Nicolet Infrared

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