The idea of many species descending from a common ancestor is called Microevolution Macroevolution

2. The idea of many species descending from a common ancestor is called • Microevolution • Macroevolution • co-evolution • sexual dimorphism

3. 2. A species of fish living in a coral reef changes the color of its scales (over generations) from yellow to blue. This is an example of • Microevolution • Macroevolution • co-evolution • homologous structures

4. All of the genes in a population is known as a • gene dish • gene pool • homologous structure • gene maximum

5. Which of the following is an example of macroevolution: • Over many generations a species of mice gets darker in color due to predation from owls and falcons • Over many generations an off-shoot of catfish changes from a bottom-feeder to an aggressive hunter, no longer able to reproduce with the former catfish • Over many generations a species changes in size from large to small to better fit in with the environment • Over many generations a species of fish changes its scale color from yellow to blue

6. Which of the following is NOT a factor that favors fossilization: • The species exists in a small population • The organism is small and has a chitin exoskeleton • The organism gets buried under silt • The organism lived through several geological time periods

7. Approximately how old is the Earth: • 3.6 billion years old • 4.57 billion years old • 2014 years old • 22.589 million years old

8. Which of the following is an example of a genetic bottleneck: • A species of darker-colored mice survive predation from owls & falcons, causing the population as a whole to shift to a darker color. • A group of migratory birds stop on an island and never leave. They cease their migration & evolve into their own species. • A group of horses with long necks randomly survive a brush fire that wipes out much of the population. These long-necked horses eventually evolve into giraffes • A trolling net scoops up an entire school of anchovies, reducing the population by a small percent.

9. A certain species of mouse is the prey of owls. These mice range in fur color from light to dark. For whatever reason, all of the mice except for the darkest are easily spotted by the owls. Over several generations, which type of natural selection would this population of mice undergo: • Directional selection • Diversifying selection • Stabilizing selection • Eliminating selection

10. Most genetic mutations • are helpful to a species • are harmful to a species • have no effect on a species • give most species super powers

11. Which of the following situations describes directional natural selection: • Kudu are common prey for lions, and the fastest kudu in the group are more likely to survive an attack and pass on their genes. Thus, the population as a whole gets slightly faster with each generation. • A population of gray mice is prey to nocturnal owls. The mice range in color from white to black, with most being gray. These gray mice are most likely to be spotted by the owls & over many generations the mice begin to split into separate species of white mice and black mice. • Horses and zebra will often mate in the wild and produce a hybrid. These offspring are sterile, thus they can never create their own population. • A population of hippo range in size from very small to very large. The smallest rarely pass on their genes due to their inferior stature, while the largest rarely make it to adulthood due to their high caloric demands. Thus, over many generations, the hippos within this population begin to resemble the average-sized hippos from the original population.

12. A group of Atlantic cod migrate to the Pacific & spread their genes to the Pacific population. When considering the Pacific population this is an example of: • genetic immigration • genetic emigration • genetic drift • founder effect

13. Which of the following is not a requirement for Natural Selection: • The trait must be improved upon during the life of the population/organism • The trait must be passed on from parent to offspring • The trait must allow a reproductive benefit over the individuals within a population that lack the trait • The trait must be variable within the population

14. Which of the following is NOT a factor for genetic drift: • It affects a large population • Random chance changes the allelic frequency within a population • It affects a small population • The available alleles are limited in subsequent generations

15. Small variations within a population, such as a bacteria's resistance to antibiotics, is called: • Homology • Analogous structures • Macroevolution • Microevolution

16. Which of the following situations describes stabilizing natural selection: • Kudu are common prey for lions, and the fastest kudu in the group are more likely to survive an attack and pass on their genes. Thus, the population as a whole gets slightly faster with each generation. • A population of gray mice is prey to nocturnal owls. The mice range in color from white to black, with most being gray. These gray mice are most likely to be spotted by the owls & over many generations the mice begin to split into separate species of white mice and black mice. • Horses and zebra will often mate in the wild and produce a hybrid. These offspring are sterile, thus they can never create their own population. • A population of hippo range in size from very small to very large. The smallest rarely pass on their genes due to their inferior stature, while the largest rarely make it to adulthood due to their high caloric demands. Thus, over many generations, the hippos within this population begin to resemble the average-sized hippos from the original population.

17. Which of the following situations describes diversifying natural selection: • Kudu are common prey for lions, and the fastest kudu in the group are more likely to survive an attack and pass on their genes. Thus, the population as a whole gets slightly faster with each generation. • A population of gray mice is prey to nocturnal owls. The mice range in color from white to black, with most being gray. These gray mice are most likely to be spotted by the owls & over many generations the mice begin to split into separate species of white mice and black mice. • Horses and zebra will often mate in the wild and produce a hybrid. These offspring are sterile, thus they can never create their own population. • A population of hippo range in size from very small to very large. The smallest rarely pass on their genes due to their inferior stature, while the largest rarely make it to adulthood due to their high caloric demands. Thus, over many generations, the hippos within this population begin to resemble the average-sized hippos from the original population.

18. Which of the following situations describes diversifying natural selection: • Kudu are common prey for lions, and the fastest kudu in the group are more likely to survive an attack and pass on their genes. Thus, the population as a whole gets slightly faster with each generation. • A population of gray mice is prey to nocturnal owls. The mice range in color from white to black, with most being gray. These gray mice are most likely to be spotted by the owls & over many generations the mice begin to split into separate species of white mice and black mice. • Horses and zebra will often mate in the wild and produce a hybrid. These offspring are sterile, thus they can never create their own population. • A population of hippo range in size from very small to very large. The smallest rarely pass on their genes due to their inferior stature, while the largest rarely make it to adulthood due to their high caloric demands. Thus, over many generations, the hippos within this population begin to resemble the average-sized hippos from the original population.