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Gender

Gender. Gender. Gender is another category of classifying humans reflecting not just biological, but also social differences between men and women Social concepts of what is “masculine” and what is “feminine” vary across space and time.

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Gender

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  1. Gender

  2. Gender • Gender is another category of classifying humans reflecting not just biological, but also social differences between men and women • Social concepts of what is “masculine” and what is “feminine” vary across space and time • Gender has received a great deal of attention from cultural geographers in the past three decades • Gender implies a socially created difference in power between groups • Gives an advantage to males over females • Plays out differently in different parts of the world • South Asia

  3. South Asia • In South Asia, gender is greatly complicated by class such that among the poor, women bear the greatest social and economic burden and the most suffering • South Asia is intensely patriarchal • India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh • Common denominators • Constant responsibilities • Motherhood, household • Work in informal sector jobs • Lack of property rights • Public behavior restricted • Education limited • Participation in waged labor force is limited • Education opportunity for young girls is improving

  4. India

  5. 2012 Global Gender Gap Index

  6. Gender Gap • The Gender Gap refers to the differences in social, economic, and political power and opportunity between men and women

  7. Gender Gap • Patterns related to the Gender Gap • High maternal mortality rates • Death rates among women giving birth • Indicate that women in poorer regions are 100 to 600 times more likely to die giving birth than are women in wealthier countries • High female infanticide rates • Murder of female infants • Dowry deaths • Occurs when a bride is murdered by her husband’s family because her father failed to pay her dowry • Lack of enfranchisement • Gender imbalances • Occur where men outnumber women • China, India

  8. Gender Imbalance • Gender empowerment index • Measures the degree of balance between male and female equity in society • These measurements are often used in assessing a country’s level of development • The more parity between men and women = the high the level of the country’s development

  9. Keys to improvement of Gender Gap • Education • When girls receive an education there is an improvement in all faucets of life • Suffrage • Lack of discrimination • Job opportunities • Gender empowerment • Population changes

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