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Animal Reproduction. Female Reproductive System. Functions of Female Reproductive System. Major Functions Produce eggs (ova) Provide half of the genetic makeup to offspring Formations of embryo House & nourish fetus Minor Functions Serve as a receptacle for the penis
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Animal Reproduction Female Reproductive System
Functions of Female Reproductive System • Major Functions • Produce eggs (ova) • Provide half of the genetic makeup to offspring • Formations of embryo • House & nourish fetus • Minor Functions • Serve as a receptacle for the penis • Removal of urine from the body
Anatomy of Female Reproductive System • Major Parts (Macroscopic Anatomy) • Ovaries: two, located at the ends of the uterine horns, house structures that produce eggs and female hormones estrogen & progesterone. • Infundibulum: funnel like openings which pick up eggs after ovulation & direct them into the fallopian tubes. • Fallopian tubes: site of fertilization, functions as passageway for fertilized egg into uterine horn.
Uterine horn: site where embryo usually attaches, receives nutrients, and develops until parturition. • Uterine body: site where uterine horns join. • Uterus: both uterine horns and uterine body combined. Functions as a passageway for sperm during copulation, incubates embryo during pregnancy, and contracts to expel the fetus during parturition.
Cervix: thick-walled mass of concentric muscles with a small tube-like opening which joins the uterus with the vagina. It serves as a passageway for semen from the vagina to the uterus at copulation, contains glands which secrete a waxy-like substance to seal off the uterus during pregnancy and between heat periods to protect against infection, disease, or entrance of foreign matter. • Vagina: receptacle for the penis during copulation, also serves as passageway for expelling urine from the bladder.
Urethra: joins the bladder to the vagina. • Vulva: external portion of the female reproductive tract. Serves to protect the internal system from infection, initially receive the penis at copulation, and act as a passageway for urine. • Clitoris: located just inside the vulva, serves as a sensory organ.
Minor Parts (Microscopic Anatomy) • Ova (eggs): produced by the ovaries through the process of oogenesis. • Oocytes: immature ova. There are thousands of them in the female body at the time of birth, however, only a small proportion of them develop into ova. • Estrogen: female sex hormone secreted from a follicle on the ovary & signals the rest of the reproductive anatomy to prepare for the ovulation of an ovum (one ova). Controls the estrous cycle of the female.
Corpus hemorrhagicum: forms from the follicle that released the ovum. It is composed of a blood clotted area and lasts two to three days after the release of the ovum. • Corpus luteum: yellow mass of cells that forms from the corpus hemorrhagicum. Produces the female hormone progesterone. • Progesterone: female pregnancy hormone that must be released to the body for pregnancy to be maintained.
Corpus albicans: formed from the degenerated corpus luteum after it has been covered by connective tissue. Functions to remove the yellow cells of the corpus luteum & return the ovary to its normal shape and function.
Assignment • Draw and label the female reproductive anatomy. • Include the: cervix, uterus, uterine horns, fallopian tubes, infundibulum, ovaries, bladder, clitoris, vulva, and vagina.
