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SQL/MM Spatial Manage Spatial Data in an ORDBMS

SQL/MM Spatial Manage Spatial Data in an ORDBMS. Knut Stolze <stolze@de.ibm.com> IBM Germany, 2003-02-26. Agenda. Overview Spatial Data Types & Methods Information Schema Demo Questions. Overview. Part 3 of SQL/MM Part 1 - Framework Part 2 - Full Text Part 3 - Spatial

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SQL/MM Spatial Manage Spatial Data in an ORDBMS

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  1. SQL/MM Spatial Manage Spatial Data in an ORDBMS Knut Stolze <stolze@de.ibm.com> IBM Germany, 2003-02-26

  2. Agenda • Overview • Spatial Data Types & Methods • Information Schema • Demo • Questions

  3. Overview • Part 3 of SQL/MM • Part 1 - Framework • Part 2 - Full Text • Part 3 - Spatial • Part 5 - Still Image • Part 6 - Data Mining • Derived from OGC Simple Feature Specification for SQL • Currently: progressed to FDIS • IS expected for the end of the year

  4. Overview (continued) • Based on SQL-99 • Structured types, methods, ... • The standard does not define: • Indexing mechanisms • Implementation issues • number, names, and types of attributes of the types • specific algorithms • Follows the SQL99 approach

  5. Overview (continued) • Store, manage, and analyse geometries as scalar (complex) values • Points, lines, and polygons • Collections

  6. Overview (continued) • Primary application today: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) • Only sparse integration into classical database applications • Products: • IBM DB2 Spatial Extender • IDS Spatial DataBlade • Oracle Spatial

  7. Spatial Data Types ST_Geometry ST_Surface ST_Curve ST_Point ST_GeomCollection ST_CurvePolygon ST_MultiSurface ST_MultiCurve ST_MultiPoint ST_MultiPolygon ST_MultiLineString ST_Polygon ST_LineString ST_CircularString ST_CompoundCurve

  8. Spatial Data Types - Discussion - • Attempt to implement Composite Design Pattern • originated from OGC class hierarchy • pattern cannot be implemented in SQL • ST_Point unrelated to ST_MultiPoint, ST_LineString unrelated to ST_MultiLineString, ST_Polygon unrelated to ST_MultiPolygon • further processing of results results oftentimes • in more complex SQL • Types not properly mirrored between • single-part and multi-part subtrees • of the hierarchy

  9. Spatial Data Types - Discussion - (continued) • Inconsistent handling of empty geometries • Possible type hierarchy to address the issues: ST_Geometry ST_MultiSurface ST_MultiCurve ST_MultiPoint ST_Empty ST_MultiPolygon ST_MultiCircString ST_MultiLineString ST_Point ST_CircularString ST_LineString ST_Polygon

  10. Spatial Methods ST_Length ST_StartPoint ST_EndPoint ST_IsClosed ST_IsRing ST_NumPoints ST_PointN ST_NumCurves ST_CurveN ST_Area ST_Perimeter ST_Centroid ST_PointOnSurface ST_ExteriorRing ST_InteriorRings ST_NumInteriorRing ST_InteriorRingN ST_Distance ST_Equals ST_Relate ST_Disjoint ST_Intersects ST_Touches ST_Crosses ST_Within ST_Contains ST_Overlaps ST_Geometry ST_Point ST_LineString ST_CircularString ST_CompoundCurve ST_CurvePolygon ST_Polygon ST_GeomCollection ST_MultiPoint ST_MultiLineString ST_MultiPolygon ST_AsText ST_AsBinary ST_AsGML ST_Transform ST_Dimension ST_CoordDim ST_GeometryType ST_SRID ST_IsEmpty ST_IsSimple ST_IsValid ST_Boundary ST_Envelope ST_ConvexHull ST_Buffer ST_Intersection ST_Union ST_Difference ST_SymDifference ST_X ST_Y

  11. Spatial Methods - Format Conversion - • Well-known Text Representation • point (10 10) • multipolygon (((1 1, 2 2, 1 2, 1 1)),((10 10, 10 20, 20 20, 20 10, 10 10))) • Well-known Binary Representation • x'010100000000000000000024400000000000002440' • Geography Markup Language • <gml:Point><gml:coord><gml:X>10</gml:X> • <gml:Y>10</gml:Y></gml:coord></gml:Point> • (Additional formats in products, e.g. Shape format)

  12. Spatial Data Methods - Discussion - • Duplicated functionality • ST_Overlaps, ST_Intersects, ST_Crosses • ST_GeometryType & SPECIFIC_TYPE (SQL99) • Additional functionality already supported by products: • ST_ShortestPath (in current WD) • Z/M coordinate support • Other external data representations • ST_Generalize to simplify geometries

  13. Information Schema associated ST_GEOMETRY_ COLUMNS ST_SPATIAL_ REFERENCE_SYSTEMS ST_UNITS_OF_ MEASURE is subset COLUMNS (SQL99) ST_SIZINGS

  14. Information Schema - Discussion - • Merge ST_SIZINGS view with SIZINGS (SQL99) • additional facilities in SQL99 needed, first • ST_SPATIAL_REFERENCE_SYSTEMS is rather primitive, EPSG uses: • Coordinate Axis Name, Coordinate Axis, • Coordinate System, Coordinate Reference System, • Coordinate Operation, Ellipsoid, Datum, • Prime Meridian, Coord_Op Method, • Coord_Op Parameter, • Coord_Op Parameter Usage, • Coord_Op Parameter Value, • Coord_Op Path

  15. DEMO

  16. Questions??

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