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Chapters 11 Reading

Chapters 11 Reading. Molecular Biology of the Gene (Molecular Genetics). 10.9 11.1, 11.2, 11.10, 11.12, 11.15, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21 23.15 27.9, 27.10, 27.11, 27.12. Important Concepts. Regulation of gene expression Developmental biology Gene regulation in development

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Chapters 11 Reading

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  1. Chapters 11 Reading Molecular Biology of the Gene (Molecular Genetics) 10.9 11.1, 11.2, 11.10, 11.12, 11.15, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 11.21 23.15 27.9, 27.10, 27.11, 27.12 Important Concepts Regulation of gene expression Developmental biology Gene regulation in development Cloning Stem cells Cancer X chromosome inactivation

  2. Egg Cell and Sperm Cells Pg. 661

  3. 50 µm “Cleavage” Divisions 8 cell Embryo (morula)

  4. 50 µm Blastocycst Uterus Inner Cell Mass (ICM) Blastocyst Blastocoel Trophoblast

  5. (~ 9 weeks)

  6. Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a. Fruit Fly)

  7. Bithorax Mutant

  8. Antennapedia Mutant

  9. Normal Eye Phenotype

  10. Pax6 Mutant Phenotype

  11. Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a. Fruit Fly)

  12. Expression ofPax6Gene in Leg Precursor Cells

  13. Expression ofPax6Gene in Wing Cells

  14. Aniridia Results from Mutation of Human Pax6 Gene

  15. Synpolydactyl Phenotype HoxD13 mutation

  16. Cloning in Nature Parthenogenesis Monozygotic twins (embryo splitting)

  17. Mammals Cloned by SCNT Horse Goat Rabbit Cat Dog Gaur Sheep Mouse Cattle Pig Mule “Dolly” “Copy Cat”

  18. Removal of genetic material from egg (enucleated egg) Transfer of diploid nucleus from adult somatic cell or Embryonic cell into “enucleated” egg Cleavage divisions of “reconstructed” embryo

  19. Somatic cell donor “mom” Copy Cat

  20. Stem Cell Concept

  21. Regenerative Medicine Potential Stem Cell Treatments Neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases) Osteoporosis Type I diabetes Blindness Deafness Heart damage Spinal cord injury

  22. Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Embryos? November 20, 2007

  23. Tissues with Adult Stem Cells Bone marrow/peripheral blood/umbilical cord Blood vessels Brain/spinal cord Skeletal muscle Colon Liver Pancreas Retina/cornea Skin Dental pulp

  24. Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Blood Cell Formation

  25. Disease Treated with Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy Leukemia Lymphoma Sickle cell anemia and other “hemoglobinopathies” Adrenoleukodystrophy

  26. X Chromosome Female Male

  27. X Chromosome Inactivation Female Male

  28. Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia Skin patches that do not form sweat glands

  29. Tumor Progression

  30. Colonize New Tissues

  31. Lymphoma with brain, chest and spleen involvement

  32. Tumor Growth (~ 10 years) (~ 8 years) (~ 7.5 years) (~ 100 days/ pop doubling)

  33. Cancer Critical Genes Cell Cycle Control DNA repair Ras Growth Factors Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Transcription Factors Cyclins CDKs RB1 p53 XP Genes p53 MSH BRCA1,2 Apoptosis (Cell Death) Cell Migration Bcl-2, Bcl-XL (anti-apoptotic) Cell-Cell Adhesion Extra-Cellular Matrix degradation

  34. Sporadic Retinoblastoma Figure 20.10b

  35. Familial Retinoblastoma Figure 20.10a

  36. Cancer Cells are Immortal HeLa Cells Harvested from a cervical cancer in 1951 Growing in hundreds of labs since 1951

  37. Chapters 12 Reading DNA Technology 12.1, 12.2, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9, 12.10, 12.11, 12.13, 12.14, 12.15, 12.16 Important Concepts DNA extraction Restriction enzymes Gel electrophoresis Genetic testing (how it works) DNA profiling (DNA Fingerprinting) Paternity testing Gene Cloning Genetically modified organisms

  38. Animal cells Plant cells Fungi Protozoa Bacteria

  39. ~ 48,000 base pairs of DNA Scanning electron micrograph

  40. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

  41. (Negative) (Positive)

  42. Genetic Testing Disease-related Diagnosis Current disease Risk of future disease Carrier status Pharmacogenomics Efficacy of therapeutic drug treatment Tissue Typing Transplantation

  43. ATG GTG CAC TTG ACC CCC GAG GAG 5’ 3’ met - val - his - leu - thr - pro - glu - glu (C) (N) ATG GTG CAC TTG ACC CCC GTG GAG 3’ 5’ met - val - his - leu - thr - pro - val - glu (N) (C) Molecular Basis of Sickle-Cell Allele HbA Hb-A HbS Hb-S

  44. RFLP for Hb Alleles HbS HbA MstII cut sites

  45. GTCTAG GTCTAG GTCTAG CAGATC CAGATC CAGATC GTCTAG GTCTAG GTCTAG GTCTAG CAGATC CAGATC CAGATC CAGATC

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