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Photocatalyst Titanium Nanotubes Study Treatmen t of Volatile Organic Compounds. Introduction. Literature Review. Experimental Methods and Equipment. Results and Discussion. Conclusions. Syllabus. Equipment Schematic Preparation of Catalyst. Characteristic Analysis Reactor System.
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Photocatalyst Titanium Nanotubes Study Treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds
Introduction Literature Review Experimental Methods and Equipment Results and Discussion Conclusions Syllabus Equipment Schematic Preparation of Catalyst Characteristic Analysis Reactor System Characteristic Analysis Performance Assessment Langmuir-Hinshelwood Kinetic Model National I-lan University, Taiwan
Introduction Motivation Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs • Suspended particles and ozone are the most important index. • The ozone is produced by nitrogen oxides and VOCs. (Doucet et al., 2006) • Major sources of contamination in the environment (Borisch al., 2004). • VOCs lead to secondary pollutants. • Stimulate the human body. (Jo et al., 2002) National I-lan University, Taiwan
Introduction Motivation Acetone Characteristics • Inhalation may cause drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, feeling drunk and dizzy. • The liquid with a severe irritation to the eyes. • Swallowed will cause irritation to the pharynx, esophagus and stomach. • Prolonged or frequent contact may cause skin fat and dermatitis. National I-lan University, Taiwan
Introduction Motivation Treatment Methods Data Source:馬志明,1998;陳祐誠,2009 National I-lan University, Taiwan
Titanium dioxide Photocatalysis Introduction Motivation EnergyPreparation is easyLow pricesNon-toxicHigh efficiencyStrong physical stabilitySmall operating equipmentSimple procedures National I-lan University, Taiwan
Tubular structures High adsorption Mesoporous Motivation Titanium Dioxide Nanotube High efficiency Large surface area National I-lan University, Taiwan
Objectives • Prepared by hydrothermal system Fe-TNT catalyst. • Doped Fe-TNT photocatalyst of the physical and chemical analysis. • Acetone removal assessment dealing with Fe-TNT. • Evaluation of photocatalytic energy efficiency. • Establishment of the best kinetic model. National I-lan University, Taiwan
Literature Review National I-lan University, Taiwan
Literature Review 1991 2009 2010 2010 Iijima et al. Seo et al. Song et al. Nishijima et al. At the same time doping metal (Fe) and non-metallic (S) were modified. Modification of the TNT iodine doped. First published in the journal Nature in the hollow tubular carbon nanotubes. Photocatalyst used in the TNT sensor. National I-lan University, Taiwan
Literature Review 2010 2010 2010 2011 Xiao et al. Ho et al. Peng et al. Grandcolas et al. Silver were modified and applied to biological treatment. Photocatalyst used in the TNTDye Sensitized Solar Cell. Photocatalyst used in the TNT photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. Doped with nitrogen were modified and applied to wastewater Treatment. National I-lan University, Taiwan
Experimental methods and Equipment Equipment Schematic Preparation of Catalyst Characteristic Analysis Reactor System National I-lan University, Taiwan
Preparation of the catalyst Establishment of reaction systemand stability testing Experimental design andPlanning Research Experimental analysis, characteristics of catalysts Literature review Metal contentResidence timeCatalyst TypeConcentrationLight sourceRH Experimental analysis Photocatalytic degradation / adsorptionperformance testing Establishment of kinetic model Experimental Structure National I-lan University, Taiwan
Preparation of Catalyst P25+Fe (NO3)3.9H2O Autoclave 130℃ / 72 hr Furnace 10 M NaOH Cleaning National I-lan University, Taiwan
Characteristic Analysis • Optical information UV-Vis analysis. • Crystal information • XRPD analysis. • B.E.T. analysis. • HR-TEM analysis. Surface morphology SEM Mapping analysis National I-lan University, Taiwan
Reactor System 1.Air and Acetone 2.Flow meter 3.Humidifier equipment 4. Mixed chamber 5.Two way valve 6.Three way valve 7. Photoreactor 8. Active carbon 9. Gas Chromatography National I-lan University, Taiwan
Operating Parameters National I-lan University, Taiwan
Resultsand Discussion Characteristic Analysis Performance Assessment Langmuir-Hinshelwood Kinetic Model National I-lan University, Taiwan
Particles Tubular Surface Morphology SEM Mapping analysis TiO2-P25 TNT Fe-TNT Tube length of approximately between 500 nm to several μm National I-lan University, Taiwan
Crystal Information XRPD Analysis (25.3) (48.1) (37.8) (55.1) (62.7) National I-lan University, Taiwan
Crystal Information B.E.T Analysis TNT 5wt%Fe-TNT National I-lan University, Taiwan
Crystal Information TNT 5wt%Fe-TNT National I-lan University, Taiwan
18 nm 5 nm 5 nm 20 nm Crystal Information HR-TEM analysis 20 nm TNT 1wt%Fe-TNT National I-lan University, Taiwan
Optical Information UV-Vis Analysis National I-lan University, Taiwan
Optical Information Kuo et al., (2007) National I-lan University, Taiwan
Performance Assessment Blank test Concentration Retention Time Relative Humidity Metal Light source National I-lan University, Taiwan
Performace Assessment Blank test Temperature: 25℃ Pressure: 1 atm Retention time: 1 min Relative humidity: 0% Concentration: 1000 ppm Light source:UV-365 nm Light source: LED-365 nm In a different light sources for direct photolysis efficiency, its efficiency is about 5%. National I-lan University, Taiwan
Performace Assessment Light source: LED-Visible National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Concentration Temperature: 25℃ Pressure: 1 atm Retention time: 1 min Relative humidity: 0% Light source: UV-365 nm Light source: LED-365 nm National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Concentration Light source: LED- visible National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Relative Humidity Temperature: 25℃ Pressure: 1 atm Retention time: 1 min Concentration: 1000 ppm Light source: UV-365 nm Light source: LED-365 nm National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Relative Humidity Light source: LED-visible National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Retention Time Temperature: 25℃ Pressure: 1 atm Concentration: 1000 ppm Relative humidity: 0% Light source: UV-365 nm Light source: LED-365 nm National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Retention Time Light source: LED-visible National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Metal 3 wt% Fe-TNT the best efficiency Doped metal modification can improve processing efficiency.Yu et al., 2010 National I-lan University, Taiwan
Effect of Light source UV light source of traditional and high efficiency as the excitation source. At high concentration (1000ppm) LED light source efficiency of conventional UV light source close to. *L-LED National I-lan University, Taiwan
Energy Effectiveness Kinetic Model National I-lan University, Taiwan
Energy Effectiveness TNT P25 Shie et al., 2008 National I-lan University, Taiwan
Energy Effectiveness 1 wt%Fe-TNT 3 wt%Fe-TNT National I-lan University, Taiwan
Energy Effectiveness 5 wt%Fe-TNT National I-lan University, Taiwan
Kinetic Model C: Concentration(ppm) kdeg:Specific rate constant(mol min-1m-2) KLH:Adsorption constant(ppm-1) National I-lan University, Taiwan
Conclusions National I-lan University, Taiwan
Conclusions • XRPD • Fe-TNT does not cause the destruction of crystalline structure. • Fe-TNT does not cause phase transformation of metal and become rutile. • UV-vis absorption spectroscopy • Band gap energy increases with the increase in the proportion of Fe doping • Red shift. • B.E.T analysis • BET surface area for 390 m2g-1. • Fe-TNT surface area for 375, 243, 202 m2g-1. National I-lan University, Taiwan
Conclusions • SEM analysis • Tube length about 500 nm - several μm • Degradation efficiency - effect of Concentration • at 250 ppm, TNT catalyst: degradation efficiency of 80-90%. • at 1000 ppm, 3wt% Fe-TNT catalyst: degradation efficiency of 45%. • Degradation efficiency - effect of Retention Time • Retention time 4 min is the best degradation efficiency • P25 degradation efficiency of 20% • 3 wt% Fe-TNT degradation efficiency of 80% National I-lan University, Taiwan
Conclusions • Degradation efficiency - effect of Retention Humidity • 3 wt% Fe-TNT, relative humidity 35%: 50%. • 45% humidity, 3 wt%Fe-TNT: 38%. • Degradation efficiency - effect of Light source • Traditional UV light source for the best • LED-365 nm and the LED-visible difference of about 10%. • Degradation efficiency - effect of Catalyst • 1,3 and 5 wt% Fe-TNT photocatalyst more better than P25 • 3 wt% Fe-TNT photocatalystwith the highest efficiency National I-lan University, Taiwan
Conclusions • Kinetic model • Consistent with Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model • The reaction rate constant is 0.0543 mol min-1m-2. • High concentration and low reaction time • New UV-LED light source less than traditional UV light about 1.5 mg kW-1 h-1. • 3 wt% Fe-TNT has the highest energy efficiency. National I-lan University, Taiwan