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Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds. Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates. Carbon. Always share electrons Four covalent bonds. Organic. Hydrogen Atoms near Carbon: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens

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Organic Compounds

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  1. Organic Compounds Carbon compounds Made by living organisms A few carbon compounds are considered inorganic: carbon oxides, carbides, carbonates

  2. Carbon • Always share electrons • Four covalent bonds

  3. Organic • Hydrogen • Atoms near Carbon: nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, halogens • Other carbon atoms – form chains, branches, rings, cage-like forms • Millions of different carbon-based compounds have been identified

  4. Hydrocarbons • Contain only carbon and hydrogen • How many are there?

  5. FYI Cracking • Break large chains of hydrocarbons • Process: absence of oxygen needs a catalyst • Gasoline • Plastic products films synthetic fabrics

  6. One Example

  7. Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well. In Michigan, fracking is done with CO2 from coal plants. They pump the CO2 into the ground instead of into the air. Less air pollution and it replaces the water, sand and chemicals. Put new coal processing plants directly on top of oil so they do not have to worry about delivery issues.

  8. Recall Types of Covalent Bonds

  9. Methane CH4

  10. Saturated HydrocarbonsAll single bonds

  11. Isomers Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structures. How many ways can you arrange C4H10?

  12. C4H10 Structural Isomers of Butane

  13. FYI Stereoisomers

  14. FYI Chirality

  15. Saturated Isomers Propane C2H6 Are there any isomers?

  16. Pentane C5H12 Draw all the isomers.

  17. Isomers of Pentane

  18. Shorthand Isomers

  19. Naming Isomers of Pentane 4 3 2 1

  20. Start with butaneReplace one H with Cl 4 3 2 1 1-chlorobutane

  21. Start with butaneReplace one H with Cl 4 3 2 1 2-chlorobutane

  22. Start with butaneReplace one H with Cl 4 3 2 1 4-chlorobutane

  23. Start with ButaneReplace one H with Cl and another with Br 4 3 2 1 4-bromo-1-chlorobutane

  24. Practice: Draw and Name Start with Butane • Bromine on #3 • Bromine on #2 and Chlorine #3 • 2 bromines on #4

  25. Practice • 1-bromo-4-chloropentane • 1-chloro-3-bromo-5-chloropentane • Name • Name

  26. Polymer: repeated unit

  27. Mono and Poly Saccharide

  28. Lipids (store energy)Saturated and Unsaturated Fats

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