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Civil Rights. Civil Rights. Still problems for African Americans even with all of the Civil Rights laws passing 70% of all African Americans lived in major cities Many of them living in poverty in the inner city
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Civil Rights • Still problems for African Americans even with all of the Civil Rights laws passing • 70% of all African Americans lived in major cities • Many of them living in poverty in the inner city • Many saw gains from civil rights movement, but their own circumstances did not change • Racism still existed • Riots after laws were made
Civil Rights • Kerner Commission • Studied cause of urban riots and sought a plan to prevent them in the future • Found racism to be cause • Created plan to create better conditions for inner cities • Johnson did not approve • Money tied up in other places- Vietnam
Civil Rights • Economic Rights • Many African Americans upset with MLK because he was not helping economic conditions • Chicago Movement • Called attention to Chicago slums and poor economic conditions • Very little was changed
Civil Rights • Black Power • Chicago showed that nonviolent protests did not accomplish what was necessary • Many African Americans turned away from King • Many organizations became more assertive and wanted to be separate from whites • SNCC and CORE removed all white leaders from their organization
Civil Rights • Black Power • Stressed pride in African American Culture • Wanted racial separation rather than cultural assimilation • Idea became very popular • MLK criticized it and called it hopeless and full of despair
Civil Rights • Malcolm X • Became symbol of Black Power • Part of Nation of Islam, or Black Muslims • Not the same as mainstream Muslims • Believed African Americans should separate themselves from whites • Nation of Islam became their own self run organization
Civil Rights • Malcolm X • Helped make Nation of Islam popular through speeches • In 1964 he broke with Nation of Islam • Scandals with leader • Went to Mecca to worship • Found that all races were worshipping together and were peaceful • Had new belief on race relations
Civil Rights • Malcolm X • After returning home he criticized the Nation of Islam and Elijah Muhammad • Three members shot and killed him during a speech in New York • Mainly remembered for his speeches and ideas before he left Nation of Islam
Civil Rights • Black Panthers • Considered themselves the heirs of Malcolm X • Beliefs based on his words • Urged African Americans to arm themselves and confront white society • Ten Point program • Black empowerment, end to racial oppression, control of major institutions in African American communities
Civil Rights • Black Power had angered many supporters of Civil Rights Movement • Made it unlikely that new laws would get passed • MLK went to Memphis to campaign for more economic rights and another march on Washington • MLK was assassinated while speaking on his hotel balcony
Civil Rights • Ralph Abernathy took over for MLK, however it was not the same • Congress still passed the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which gave better housing and less discrimination in getting a house • Civil Rights Movement still continued, but it did not have the same following or effectiveness without MLK