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Class Mammalia

Class Mammalia. Jess Ackerman Maddy Smith. Phylum name: Chordates Subphylum : vertebrata Class: mammalia Common Name: mammals. General Characteristics. Hair (insulation and protection) Sweat glands Mammary glands (produce milk for young )

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Class Mammalia

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  1. Class Mammalia Jess Ackerman Maddy Smith

  2. Phylum name: Chordates • Subphylum: vertebrata • Class: mammalia • Common Name: mammals

  3. General Characteristics • Hair (insulation and protection) • Sweat glands • Mammary glands (produce milk for young) • Differentiation of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, molars) • 3 middle ear bones (malleus, incus, stapes) • Jaw (composed of dentary and squamosal) Endotherms (constant body temperature) • Complex nervous system • Bilateral Symmetry

  4. Various Body Systems

  5. Anatomy: Skeletal System • Internal skeletal system • Seven cervical vertebrae (normally) • Four limbs (usually); limbs adapted for: • climbing • swimming • flying • running/walking

  6. Anatomy: Respiratory System and Gas Exchange • Take in oxygen, expel carbon dioxide • Lungs: • Spongy texture • Epithelium (larger surface area) • Muscular Diaphragm: • Drives breathing • Divides thorax from abdominal cavity • Air enters through oral and nasal cavities • Flows through larynx, trachea, and bronchi • Air is sucked into or expelled out of lungs • Moves down pressure gradiant • Aka “bellows lungs” • Red blood cells serve as oxygen transports • Four chambered heart pumps blood throughout body

  7. Anatomy: Integumentary System • Three layers: epidermis, dermis, hypodermis • Epidermis: • Ten to thirty cells thick • Provides waterproof layer • Outermost cells constantly lost • Bottommost cells constantly dividing • Dermis: • Fifteen to forty times thicker than epidermis • Components include bony structures and blood vessels • Hypodermis: • Made of adipose tissue • Stores lipids • Provides cushioning and insulation • Hair

  8. Anatomy: Nutrition and Digestion • Keeping high constant body temperature is energy expensive • Need nutritious and plentiful diet • Different species adapted to dietary requirements in a variety of ways • Carnivores (including insectivores) • Herbivores (granivores, folivores, fruivores, nectivores, etc.) • Size of animal is a factor in diet type • Small: high-energy requirements • Large: can tolerate slower collection process or slower digestive process • Developed digestive tract • Mouth, teeth, esophagus, stomach, intestines

  9. Response to Stimuli • Eyes • Respond to light, movement, etc. • Ears • Responsible for hearing and balance • Nervous System • Complex brain (neocortex) • System of nerves throughout the body

  10. Anatomy: Reproductive System • Most are vivipary (live young) • Metatheria • Eutheria—placental mammals • Marsupials—undeveloped young kept in pouch • A few lay eggs • Holotheria (monotremes) • Mammary glands • Specialized to produce milk • Newborns’ primary source of nutrition

  11. Classes: 3 subclasses • Holotheria(monotremes, egg laying mammals) • Metatheria (marsupials, pouch mammals) • Eutheria(placental mammals)

  12. Holotheria • Ex: duck billed platypus, spiny ant eaters • Reproduction: females lay eggs, or carry in pouches • Feeding practices: varied (ant eaters use sticky tongue, platypus eats freshwater invertebrates, etc.)

  13. Metatheria • Ex: kangaroos and opossums • Reproduction: young are born in undeveloped stage, complete development in pouch • Feeding practices: varied

  14. Eutheria • Ex: humans, lions, etc. • Reproduction: young remain in mothers until development is complete • Feeding practices: varied

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