MOTHERBOARD

2. MOTHERBOARD

3. MOTHERBOARD

4. MOTHERBOARD • holds the processor, memory and expansion slots and connects directly or indirectly to every part of the PC. • include a small block of ROM. The ROM contains the PC’s BIOS.

5. BUS A bus is a channel over which information flows. The wider the bus, the more information can flow over the channel, much as a wider highway can carry more cars than a narrow one. The original ISA bus on the IBM PC was 8 bits wide.

6. BUS The universal ISA bus used now is 16 bits. The other I/O buses (including PCI) are 32 bits wide. The memory and processor buses on Pentium and higher PCs are 64 bits wide.

7. MOTHERBOARD • Peripheral Component Interconnect(PCI) is a computer bus standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard.

8. MOTHERBOARD • Industry Standard Architecture(ISA) is a bus standard for IBM compatibles that extends the XT bus architecture to 16 bits. It is designed to connect peripheral cards to the motherboard.

9. MOTHERBOARD • The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is a high-speed computer bus standard for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard, dedicated primarily to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics.

11. CPU

12. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU completes a set of four basic operations: • Fetches an instruction • Decodes the instruction • Executes the instruction • Stores the results

13. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control Center of the Computer The Brains of the Computer – interprets and issues instructions

14. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) is a component of the CPU which performs arithmetic, comparisons, and logical operations.

15. What does this mean? • 32-bit Pentium processor with 128 megabytes of RAM and 40 gigabytes of hard disk space.

17. BINARY WORLD Electronic circuits can exist in only one of two states: ON or OFF. • 0 0 (OFF OFF) = Decimal 0 • 0 1 (OFF ON) = Decimal 1 • 1 0 (ON OFF) = Decimal 2 • 1 1 (ON ON) = Decimal 3

18. Binary-coded decimal Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a numeral system used in computer memory. In BCD, numbers are represented as decimal digits, and each digit is represented by four bits: Digit Bits Digit Bits 0 0000 5 0101 1 0001 6 0110 2 0010 7 0111 3 0011 8 1000 4 0100 9 1001

19. 24 = 16 4-bit (Nibble) 28 = 256 8-bit (Byte) 16-bit Sample 216 = 65536

21. AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE ASCII is a seven-bit code it uses the integers representable with seven binary digits (a range of 0 to 127 decimal) to represent information. i.e. 0000000 to 1111111

22. Decimal  Binary Representation 14/2 7/2 3/2 7 3 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 10 3 11 4 100 5 101 6 110 7 111 8   1000 9 1001 10 1010 11 1011 12 1100 13 1101 14 1110 15 1111 1 1*23 = + 1*22 = + 1*21 = + 0*20 = 8 4 2 0 14

23. BINARY on your fingertips Thanks to http://www.dnaco.net/~ivanjs/bin1-7.html

24. 0100100001101001001000000100100100100000011000010110110100100000010000010101001101000011010010010100100101001000011010010010000001001001001000000110000101101101001000000100000101010011010000110100100101001001 Click here to decode