Chapter 6: The American Revolution

1. Chapter 6: The American Revolution

2. At the start of the war, most people in America were still _________________ to England. This was especially true in the __________________ where they were economically independent on Britain. • Why was the South so economically dependent on the British? Declaring Independence

3. In January 1776, a man by the name of Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet called _____________ ______________. In this document, he explained to the colonists why it made sense for them to break away from England. In six months, over 500,000 copies of this document were distributed around the colonies. The document convinced many people to break away from_______________. Thomas Paine

4. Common Sense also affected the members of the Continental Congress. In June 1776, Richard Lee of Virginia stood up at the meeting and proposed that the colonies declare their ______________ from Britain. • What do you think could happen to them for making such a decision?

5. The Continental Congress agreed with Lee and appointed a committee to draft a declaration. The committee chose ____________ _______________ to write the document. • In late June, the document was finished and on July 2, 1776 the Continental Congress approved. They then signed the document on __________, 1776 aka Independence Day.

6. Preamble (aka Colonists explain to the world what they are doing) The Declaration of Independence

7. Purpose of Government (aka what a government is supposed to do)

8. Wrongs done by the King (aka list of things the King and Parliament have done wrong)

9. Colonies Declare Independence (aka breakup)

10. What did the Declaration of Independence mean for the colonists? • What would be the ramifications of the document? Final Question

11. With your groupmates, come up with two weaknesses and two strengths for both Great Britain and the colonies at the beginning of the American Revolution. Do It Now

12. Battle of New York

13. “I only regret I have but one life to lose for my country” Nathan Hale

14. “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of the country; but he that stands now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.” The Crisis—Thomas Paine

15. Why? • Morale booster for the exhausted, tired, worn men—wanted a successful battle before they stopped fighting for the winter • Only 1400 Hessians vs. 2400 of the Continental Army Battle of Trenton

17. Goal: to cut of New England from the rest of the colonies by gaining control of the Hudson River • Why? • Stop supply of troops/ supplies would bring a quick end to the war General Burgoyne and Saratoga

19. Why was the Battle of Saratoga a turning point in the war? Final Question

20. Ben Franklin diplomacy

21. War and Society: Native Americans

22. War and Society: African Americans

23. War and Society: Women

24. Why is Adam so certain that their side will win? What side is he fighting on? Do It Now: Valley Forge

25. British Goal: Capture key cities and win over the local population • The British thought that they had strong loyalist sympathizers who were willing to fight for the British cause (hint: they didn’t) The War Moves South

26. Swamp Fox Francis Marion

27. Benedict Arnold

28. British General: Cornwallis • American General: Washington • French General: Rochambeau Battle of Yorktown

29. Treaty of Paris

30. 1.Acknowledging the United States (viz. the Colonies) to be free, sovereign and independent states, and that the British Crown and all heirs and successors relinquish claims to the Government, property, and territorial rights of the same, and every part thereof; 2.Establishing the boundaries between the United States and British North America; 3.Granting fishing rights to United States fishermen in the Grand Banks, off the coast of Newfoundland and in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; 4.Recognizing the lawful contracted debts to be paid to creditors on either side; 5.The Congress of the Confederation will "earnestly recommend" to state legislatures to recognize the rightful owners of all confiscated lands "provide for the restitution of all estates, rights, and properties, which have been confiscated belonging to real British subjects [Loyalists]"; 6.United States will prevent future confiscations of the property of Loyalists; 7.Prisoners of war on both sides are to be released and all property left by the British army in the United States unmolested (including slaves); 8.Great Britain and the United States were each to be given perpetual access to the Mississippi River; 9.Territories captured by Americans subsequent to treaty will be returned without compensation; 10.Ratification of the treaty was to occur within six months from the signing by the contracting parties. Points of the Treaty of Paris

31. How did the Americans win the war? • Lack of faith on the part of British soldiers/ citizens • French aid • Key battle victories • Refused to fight on British terms • Britain wasn’t interested in going into further debt Final Question