Imperialism’s affect on Africa

1. Imperialism’s affect on Africa

3. Two Waves • First wave from late 1400’s to early 1800’s. • Revolved around the West Coast and slave trade.

4. Impact of First Wave • Untold. How can you say what taking 10-15 million people out of an area by force does to the culture, economy, politics, psyche, morale, innovation, etc?

5. Did contribute to increased tribal warfare as neighbors are encouraged to fight each other for more slaves to trade. • Contributed to weakened states.

6. Second Wave had to do with economic resources and claim of Empire. 1800’s – mid 1900’s. Solidified with 1888 Berlin Congress

7. Impact of Second Wave • Again, how can you assess what dividing up a continent among European nations in order to exploit labor and resources by creating fake borders grouping different peoples together and giving them new identities can do to the culture, economy, psyche, morale, innovation, etc?

8. Neocolonialism existed just as in Latin America but with much more control. Made African nations mine and farm for Europe. Disallowing their development into industry or other business.

9. This is still being done by foreign companies cooperating with the leadership in some African nations. Examples of cell phones and oil • http://pulitzercenter.org/video/congos-bloody-coltan • http://pulitzercenter.org/blog/untold-stories/crude-awakening

10. Done in the name of “White Man’s Burden”

11. Some argued against this new wave of imperialism either on economic or moral grounds… Too expensive and benefits did not outweigh the costs Nations believed in Enlightenment ideals and democracy…this was not representative of what European nations stood for.

12. Changed languages • Changed religions • Changed trade • Changed borders • Changed power structures • Changed view of human rights • Changed tax structure (cash payments traps people into becoming wage earners in European interests as miners or farmers)

13. Some positives claimed • Education BUT…http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/01/16-africa-learning-watkins, • Some industry and transportation BUT…http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/ad696e/ad696e04.htm, http://digitaldocsinabox.org/images/Imperialism/building_railway.html • Medicine BUT…http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/31/opinion/31washington.html?_r=0, http://thinkafricapress.com/society/african-witchcraft-modern-reality

14. Examples • South Africa • apartheid

16. How Change Occurred..\Downloads\HD Stock Footage Apartheid - South Africa Protests - Civil Rights.mp4

17. 1994 Election

18. Modern Day Results

19. Or… ..\Downloads\Post Apartheid South Africa.mp4

20. European’s fault? • Or get over it Ms. Irving?

21. Congo • ..\Downloads\Congo-The Brutal History.mp4

22. How Changed Occurred • ..\Downloads\Belgian Congo uprising.mp4 • ..\Downloads\Malcolm X on the Assasination of Lumumba in the Congo.mp4

23. Modern Day Results

24. ..\Downloads\Belgium- A Shadowy Legacy in the Congo - European Journal.mp4 • http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50144817n • http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504803_162-57579505-10391709/interviews-with-konys-child-soldiers/

25. European’s fault? (Belgium!) • Or get over it Ms. Irving?

26. Rwanda • Hutus and Tutsis

27. How Conflict Emerged http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=3004020n

28. Modern Day Results • ..\Downloads\Remarks to Victims and Survivors of the Genocide in Rwanda.mp4

29. European’s fault? • Or get over it Ms. Irving?

30. Middle East

31. Independence

32. Israel/Palestine

34. http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2005/08/occupied_minds.html#http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2005/08/occupied_minds.html#

35. European’s fault? • Or get over it Ms. Irving?

36. Decolonization came in general because… • Two world wars had destroyed Europe’s ability to hold on to colonies. • Nationalism (African and Arab) motivated colonial peoples to argue for freedom. • The United Nations mandated that colonies be freed world wide. • Colonial peoples had fought in both wars for “democracy” and “freedom” • Morality finally started to kick in to some of the European attitudes.

37. Cold War Impact Too • The Cold War saw the savage murder or violent overthrow by the British, Americans, Belgians, French and Portuguese of nationalist African leaders including Patrice Lumumba, Dr Kwame Nkrumah, Luis Cabral, Eduardo Mondlane, Samora Marcel, Milton Obote, HamedSekouToure, Gamel Abdel Nasser and Ahmed Ben Bella who were dubbed terrorists or Russian and Chinese sympathizers. • The lucky ones – Jomo Kenyatta, Robert Mugabe and Nelson Mandela were given long prison sentences from which they were never expected to come out, alive. Today, Mandela’s statue stands as a monument of British cynicism, in Parliament square, London. • The human, social and economic wounds inflicted on Africa by the Cold War are still very raw. Mozambique, Angola and Namibia are littered with millions of land mines and other unexploded military ordinances, which will kill people for centuries to come.  Algeria, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic  of Congo, Ivory Coast, Chad, Central African Republic, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda are fighting self-destruct wars, while Somalia ceased to be a state in 1992, thanks to western weapons. • Overall, the Cold War left Africa on the life-support machine of western food aid administered by the World Food Programme, while their leaders pay lip service to cure the patient.

38. AND…http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-22570071

39. UN in CongoSome attempts to ChangeBlood diamond campaign