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Solutions Review Solutions —homogenous mixtures where one material is dissolved in another .

Solutions Review Solutions —homogenous mixtures where one material is dissolved in another . Solute —material that gets dissolved by the solvent Solvent —material that does the dissolving Example : Solute = Kool-Aid sugar mix Solvent = water Solution = Kool-Aid.

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Solutions Review Solutions —homogenous mixtures where one material is dissolved in another .

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  1. Solutions Review • Solutions—homogenous mixtures where one material is dissolved in another. • Solute—material that gets dissolved by the solvent • Solvent—material that does the dissolving • Example: Solute = Kool-Aid sugar mix • Solvent = water • Solution = Kool-Aid Solute = (6 letters) Solvent = (7 letters) Solution = (8 letters)

  2. Water is the universal solvent because of its molecular shape (bent shape) and polarity (uneven charge). Unlike charges attract. Na+Cl- (salt) O H H

  3. Dissolving Rate—a measure of how fast a material dissolves • Factors that determine how fast solute dissolves: • Agitation/Stirring—increases dissolving rate. • Example: making chocolate milk • Temperature—increase in temperature increases • dissolving rate. • Example: sugar dissolving in hot tea • compared to cold tea • Surface area/Particle size—increased surface area • (smaller particles) increases dissolving rate. • Example: table sugar dissolves faster • than sugar cubes

  4. Solubility—maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature (can’t hold anymore solute) • Factors that affect solubility of solids: • Temperature—in most cases, when temperature increases • solubility increases Questions: How many grams of sodium chloride are dissolved at 60oC? __________ How many grams of potassium nitrate are dissolved at 80oC? __________

  5. Factors that affect solubility of gases: • Temperature—as temperature increases solubility of a gas decreases. • Example: thermal pollution—affects dissolved O2 in lakes and streams • Pressure—as pressure increases solubility of a gas increases. • Example: soda bottle—soft drinks bottled under pressure to keep CO2 dissolved

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