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Forming & Using New Memories

Forming & Using New Memories. Basic Terminology. Encoding Storage Forgetting. Figure 4-1 (p. 132) The model view of memory . Each box depicts a memory storage system. The arrows represent the transfer of information between systems. Recency effect. Primacy effect.

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Forming & Using New Memories

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  1. Forming & Using New Memories

  2. Basic Terminology • Encoding • Storage • Forgetting

  3. Figure 4-1 (p. 132)The model view of memory. Each box depicts a memory storage system. The arrows represent the transfer of information between systems.

  4. Recency effect Primacy effect Figure 4-2 (p. 132)Word list for a serial position curve experiment (A); typical results (B). Free-Recall Experiments

  5. Sensory Memory • Icon (visual) • Experiment: partial-report technique R S K L P E C Q G T B M

  6. Sensory Memory • Echo (auditory) • Similar to icon, BUT: • Recall can be cued by category • Echoes hava a larger capacity? • Echoes can last longer (up to 20 secs)

  7. Summary of Sensory Memory • Sensory memories • are modality specific • have relatively large capacity (although short storage time) • are relatively unprocessed (mostly physical, not meaningful, aspects)

  8. Short-Term Memory vs. Long-Term Memory • Time info stored • Capacity • Coding (form of storage) • Ways info retained or forgotten • Ways info retrieved

  9. Short-Term Memory • Capacity • Miller’s “7 (plus or minus 2)” • Chunking M T V C B S F B I N F L

  10. P ? F Short-Term Memory • Coding B

  11. Short-Term Memory • Forgetting • Retention duration • Memory trace • Is forgetting caused by decay or interference? • Peterson-Brown task • The challenge • Probe-digit task

  12. Short-Term Memory • Retrieval • How do we find information stored in memory? • Sternburg’s experiment

  13. A H D E L Sternburg experiment Predictions Step 1 Parallel search Step 2 A H D E L D D?

  14. A H D E L Sternburg experiment Predictions Step 1 A D? H Step 2 D D Serial serach

  15. A D? Sternburg experiment Predictions Self-terminating search Exhaustive search Serial serach

  16. Short-Term Memory • Retrieval • How do we find information stored in memory? • Serial search or parallel search? • Types of serial searches • Self-terminating search • Exhaustive search • Winner? Serial, exhaustive search

  17. Working Memory Working Memory Central executive Visuospatial Sketch pad Phonological loop

  18. Neurological Studies H.M. case

  19. Neurological Studies • Anterograde amnesia • Retrograde amnesia

  20. Figure 4-11 (p. 156)The filled circles designate activations in the verbal task, and the squares indicate activations in the spatial task.

  21. Outline • Basic terminology • Modal view of memory • Free-recall experiments • Sensory memory • Working memory • Neurological studies

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