Good morning

1. Good morning Good morning

2. Nasal cavity

3. Introduction • Primarily meant for olfaction • Respiration • Acts as air conditioning chamber by adding humidity and temperature to inspired air • Filtering foreign particles by the coarse hairs of vestibule. • Elimination of secretions from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

4. Nose Divided into two regions : • The external nose • The internal nasal cavity

5. External Nose: • Pyramidal projection on the face. • Presents – • a free tip/apex. • Root at its junction with forehead. • Dorsum – from apex to the root • Skeletal framework that is partly bony and partly cartilaginous

6. Upper part –bones as follows: Nasal, frontal process of maxilla and nasal notch of frontal bone. • Lower part – cartilages: • Anterior border of septal cartilage. • Upper lateral nasal cartilage –continuous with septal cartilage. • Alar cartilage • Minor alar cartilages • Fibro fatty tissue.

8. Blood supply : • Dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic artery • Alar & septal branches of facial artery • Infraorbital branch of maxillary artery • Nerve supply : • External nasal & infratrochlear branches of ophthalmic nerve. • Infraorbital branch of maxillary nerve.

9. Nasal cavity • Introduction: • Extends from external nares /nostrils on the face to posterior nasal aperture/choanae in the nasopharynx • Divided into two equal halves by nasal septum. • Has a • roof • floor • medial wall • Lateral wall.

10. Nasal cavity

11. Roof: • Anterior Slope: frontal and nasal bones, nasal cartilages. • Middle Horizontal: Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone • Posterior slope: anterior and Inferior surface of body of the sphenoid bone.

12. Floor: 7.5cm long, 1.5cm wide Formed by: Upper surface of hard palate : • Palatine process of the maxilla • Horizontal plate of the palatine. • The naris opens anteriorly into the floor.

14. Medial Wall/Nasal Septum: • oriented vertically in median sagittal plane and separates right and left nasal cavities. • Osseocartilagenous • Covered by mucous membrane. 3 parts: • Bony • Cartilaginous • Cuticular

15. Bony part: • Vomer • Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid • Nasal spine of the frontal bone, rostrum of the sphenoid and nasal crest of the nasal bone.

16. Cartilagenous Part: • Septal Cartilage • Septal process of the inferior nasal(alar) cartilage. • Occasionally Vomero-nasal cartilage • Cuticular part/ vestibule: • Fibro fatty tissue covered by skin. • Mobile • Lower margin is called columnella.

17. Arterial Supply: • Anterior ethmoidal artery. • Posterior ethmoidal artery. • Superior labial branch of facial artery. • Greater palatine artery branch of maxillary artery. • Sphenopalatine artery.

18. Kiesselbach’s /little’s area of epistaxis. • Highly vascular area at the anteroinferior part –anastomosis of following arteries arteries – Septal branches of 1.Anterior ethmoidal, 2.sphenopalatine, 3.greater palatine and 4.superior labial arteries • small ulcer-profuse arterial haemorrhage.

19. Venous drainage: A sub mucosal plexus of veins which drains into the • facial vein, • pterygoid venous plexus and • ophthalmic vein. • Dangerous area of the face – anteroinferior part-facial vein-deep facial vein-Cavernous sinus

20. Lymphatic Drainage: • Anterior Half: Submandibular nodes. • Posterior Half: Retropharyngeal and deep cervical nodes.

21. Nerve Supply: • General Sensory nerves • Anterosuperior part: Internal nasal branch of the ethmoidal nerve. • Anteroinferior part: Anterior superior alveolar nerve • Posterosuperior part: posterior superiormedial nasal branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion. • Posteroinferior part: Nasopalatine branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion. • Special sensory Nerves/ Olfactory nerves to the olfactory area

22. Clinical anatomy • Deviated nasal septum

23. Little’s area/keisselbach’s plexus

24. Dangerous area of face

25. Thank you