1 / 29

Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus)

Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus). Pannus—superficial corneal vascularization/scar tissue Progressive, bilateral, can result in blindness Cause Thought to be immune-mediated (Infiltration of cornea with lymphocytes, plasma cells)

meliora-terris
Download Presentation

Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus) Pannus—superficial corneal vascularization/scar tissue Progressive, bilateral, can result in blindness • Cause • Thought to be immune-mediated (Infiltration of cornea with lymphocytes, plasma cells) • Increased ultraviolet light/high altitudes increases incidence • Signs • Opaque lesions that begin at limbus and extend into cornea • Milky, pink, or tan

  2. Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus)

  3. Chronic Superficial Keratitis (Pannus) • Breeds • Ger. Shep, B. Collie, greyhound, Sib. Husky • Dx • r/o KCS, corneal ulcers • Rx • Corticosteroids often lifelong • Cyclosporine often lifelong • Antibiotic eye ointment • Client info • No cure • If Rx is stopped, disease will return and progress • High altitudes and ↑sun predispose animals

  4. DOGGLES!!!!

  5. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) Lack of tear production; tears lubricate, nourish, ↓bacteria, aid in healing Tears from 2 glands: 70%--Lacrimal gland; 30%--Nictitans gland • Signs • Recurrent conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, keratitis • Dull, dry, irregular cornea, conjunctiva • Tenacious, mucoid ocular discharge • Blepharospasm • Crusty nares • Rx • Tear stimulation—cyclosporine, pilocarpine • Artificial tears • Client info • Px is guarded for resolution • Failure to treat → blindness

  6. KCS

  7. Cataracts Opacity of lens that causes reduced vision; most common disease of lens • Cause • Genetic • 2º to: • Diabetes mellitus (bilat; within 1 y of disease; ↑glucose → ↑fluid in lens) • Most common cause • Trauma (unilateral; HBC, thorn penetration, shotgun pellet) • Lens luxation • Nutritional deficiency • Uveitis • Hypocalcemia • Electrical shock • Rx • Surgical removal of lens • Treat underlying cause (e.g., Diabetes) • Client info • Most cataracts are inherited, so don’t breed affected dogs • Dogs can live quality lives even with bilat. cataracts

  8. Cataracts • Signs • Progressive loss of vision • Opaque pupillary opening • Dx • Must be distinguished from senile nuclear sclerosis • Normal old age change; graying of lens; bilat; usually does not affect sight

  9. CATARACTS

  10. Progressive Retinal Atrophy • A group of hereditary disorders causing loss of rods, cones, and/or blood supply • Breeds • Toy/min. Poodle, G. Ret, I. Set, C. Span, Schnauzer, Collie, Samoyed, N. Elkhound • Recessive gene isolated in some breeds • Signs—slow onset of blindness • Loss of night vision (rods) → loss of day vision (cones) → cataracts (±) • Dx • r/o metabolic disorders that could cause cataracts • Ophth exam • gray, granular appearance of retina • Hyperreflective retina • Vascular attenuation, optic nerve atrophy

  11. PROGRESSIVE RETINAL ATROPHY Normal canine retina PRA, optic nerve atropy and vessel attenuation

  12. Progressive Retinal Atrophy • Rx • None • Client info • This is an inherited disease • Avoid buying affected breeds • Have ophth exam by board certified ophth to r/o PRA • Blind animals adapt well • Have trouble in strange surroundings • Cats need well balanced diet • Taurine deficiency can lead to PRA

  13. Anterior Uveitis • Inflammation of uvea: ciliary body, iris, choroid • Causes • Inflammation/infection – FeLV/FIP, fungal, bacterial • Neoplasia • Trauma

  14. Uveitis – Clinical Signs • Blepharospasm • Aqueous flare – increased turbidity of aqueous humor • Miosis of affected eye • Iridal swelling or congestion • Keratic precipitates • Ciliary flush in limbal region • +/- Corneal edema • +/- hyphema

  15. Anterior Uveitis – hyphema

  16. Anterior Uveitis

  17. Anterior Uveitis – keratic precipitates

  18. Anterior Uveitis – Treatment • Topical steroids or • Topical Anti-inflmmatory drugs (ocufen) • Or systemic steroids • Atropine – dilates eye, decreases pain • Antibiotics – topically +/- systemically

  19. Anterior Uveitis – Client Info • Recheck within 3 days • Secondary glaucoma is frequent complication • Prognosis depends on cause • Treat for 2 months regardless of cause – blood-aqueous barrier disrupted for 6 weeks

  20. Proptosed Globe • Cause • Trauma • Conformation • Retrobulbar abscess or neoplasia • Clinical Signs • Protrusion of the globe, • Eyelids unable to close, may be trapped behind globe

  21. Prognosis • Favorable • brachycephalic dog, • positive direct or consensual pupillary light response • normal findings on posterior segment exam • proptosed eye with vision on initial presentation • Unfavorable indicators • non-brachycephalic • cat breed • hyphema, • no visible pupil • facial fractures • optic nerve damage and avulsion of 3 or more extraocular muscles

  22. Proptosed Globe

  23. Proptosed Globe – Treatment • Lubricate immediately • Reduce the globe into the socket ASAP to reduce trauma to optic nerve • Enucleation if optic nerve severed • Systemic and topical antibitics • +/- Steroids

  24. Proptosed Globe

  25. References • http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/ • http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/carnLabs/Lab24/Lab24.html • Alleice Summers, Common Diseases of Companion Animals • http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/Data/CourseMaterial/Miller/Emergencies.pdf

More Related