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Carey Rappaport Prof. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Gordon Center for Subsurface Sensing Imaging Systems CenSS

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Carey Rappaport Prof. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Gordon Center for Subsurface Sensing Imaging Systems CenSS

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    1. 1

    2. 2 The Suicide Bomber Problem

    3. 3 Detection Regimes Distant targets (10 m to >100 m), Stand-off detection of hazards Far enough away to minimize threat Mid-range targets (3 to 10m) Enhanced sensing discrimination Not explicitly surrounding target Intimately near targets (< 3 m) Non-invasively examined Mostly portal sensors

    4. 4 Standoff Explosives Detection Detect (not distinguish, not identify) potential explosive threats Safely (eye safe, no ionizing radation) At standoff distance (>50m) Under clothing Without trace chemicals on clothing Detect shape rather than composition Reasonable sensor array Not too big Not too expensive

    5. 5 Why Radar? Radar works at a distance Radar penetrates clothing Radar reflects from metal …but also from water Radar is commercially available and relatively inexpensive Radar is safe for human exposure Radar is flexible and compact

    6. 6 Types of Radar Airborne: planes, balloons, missiles Ship-based: navigation, missile control Ground-based: weather, airport, early warning system, satellite tracking Traffic: speed monitoring, parking/collision avoidance Imaging: underground cross-well, biomedical sensing, concealed object detection

    7. 7 Why X-Ray? X-ray penetrates clothing Backscatter does not penetrate skin (much) X-ray is commercially available and relatively inexpensive X-ray is safe for human exposure X-ray has high resolution But…X-ray uses ionizing radiation, and the beam is hard to steer and focus

    8. 8 Full-Wave Modeling of Radar Scattering from Accurate Anatomic Geometries

    9. 9 Snapshot of Waves Interacting with Scatterers

    10. 10 Focused Radar Beam to Highlight Specific Spot on Torso: Seen from Above Superposition of 13 UPW with phase adjusted according to position of focus

    11. 11 Intimately Near Detection: Advanced Imaging Technologies (AIT) for Whole Body Imaging Detects many types of materials based on shape (metallic and non-metallic): liquids, gels, plastics, metals, ceramics Limitations No spectroscopic info Limited views Poor penetration through leather and metallic clothing No penetration through skin or into body cavities

    12. 12 Close-in Scanning MM-Wave Image of Metallic and Plastic Objects

    13. 13 X-Ray Backscatter Imaging

    14. 14 X-Ray Backscatter is Safe Backscatter does not penetrate body Much lower energy than transmission 1/1000th the dose of a chest x-ray Make sure your doctor has a good reason to order the equivalent of 1000 security scans Equivalent to flying in a jet at 30,000 feet for 6 minutes X-rays from the sun aren’t blocked by the atmosphere 60 repeated scans is the same dose as flying to LA

    15. 15 X-Ray Image is Not the Same as X-Ray Vision

    16. 16 Embarrassing Image?

    17. Multiple angles and frequencies for higher resolution: 128 frequencies from 50 MHz to 550 MHz 19 angles from -45 degrees to 45 degrees Parametrize permittivity Tunnel: 1 m x 1.5 m

    20. The Asian Longhorned Beetle Beetles leave little visible evidence of infestation until it is too late. Larvae eat away the inside of the tree, effectively killing it. Current response to infestation results in the loss of hundreds of trees.

    21. Electromagnetic Modeling to Detect Infestation in Irregular Tree Geometry

    22. 22 Conclusions Radar is safe, standoff detector of concealed objects (but only for “shape”) Processing is needed to reduce clutter and ripples Lots of applications: Security, geophysical, biomedical

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