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Chapter 2: Revolution and the Early Republic

Chapter 2: Revolution and the Early Republic. Section 1: Colonial Resistance and Rebellion P. 46. Colonies Organize to Resist Britain. Proclamation of 1763 Sought to halt expansion of colonies west of the Appalachian Mts. Colonists believed Britain did not care about their needs

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Chapter 2: Revolution and the Early Republic

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  1. Chapter 2: Revolution and the Early Republic • Section 1: • Colonial Resistance and Rebellion • P. 46

  2. Colonies Organize to Resist Britain • Proclamation of 1763 • Sought to halt expansion of colonies west of the Appalachian Mts. • Colonists believed Britain did not care about their needs • French and Indian War brought on a financial crisis for Britain • Britain brought about new laws that only reinforced the colonists’ opinions

  3. Sugar Act • King George III • Succeeded grandfather in 1760 • Hoped to lower debt • Hired George Grenville as prime minister • Smuggling • Many colonial merchants were smuggling goods to and from French territories without paying import and export duties to Britain

  4. Sugar Act • Grenville prompted Parliament to pass the Sugar Act in 1764 • Cut the duty on foreign-made molasses in half • Hoped colonists would pay the cheaper duty instead of risking arrest by smuggling • Placed duties on other goods that did not previously have a duty • Violators would be tried in a court with a single judge, rather than a court with a colonist-sympathetic jury

  5. Sugar Act • Impact: • Little impact on most colonists, only traders and merchants • Hurt profits of traders and merchants • Resented being forced to pay taxes when they were unable to elect members to the Parliament

  6. Stamp Act • Passed in 1765 • Taxed documents and printed items, such as wills, newspapers, and playing cards • A stamp would signify that the tax had been paid • First tax directly levied on colonists • Other taxes were indirect paid on imports

  7. Stamp Act • Sons of Liberty • Secret resistance group • Composed of shopkeepers, artisans, and laborers • Protested the Stamp Act • Colonial Assembly • Declared Parliament had no right to impose taxes on the colonists because the colonists lacked representation in Parliament • “No taxation without representation!”

  8. Boycott • October 1765 • Merchants in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia agreed to boycott British goods until tax was repealed • Success! Parliament repealed tax in March 1766 • Parliament replaced the Stamp Act with other taxes and laws

  9. Parliament Passes New Laws • Townshend Acts • Taxed goods that were imported into the colony from Britain • Lead, glass, and paper • Tea  most popular drink in the colonies • Samuel Adams • One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty • Again boycotted the British • Tensions continued to rise

  10. Boston Massacre • March 5, 1770 • Mob gathers and taunts British soldiers guarding the Boston Customs House • British soldiers open fire and kill five unarmed colonists, including Crispus Attucks • See p. 46 • Colonists label the confrontation, “The Boston Massacre”

  11. Frederick North • Replaced Grenville as Prime Minister • Repealed the Townshend Acts except the tax on tea • Lost more $ than they brought in • Too expensive to send British troops to Boston

  12. Boston Tea Party • Tea Act • Intended to save the nearly bankrupt British East India Company • Company could sell tea to the colonies tax free • Taxes would be levied on the colonial tea sellers • Boston Tea Party • December 16, 1773 • Boston rebels, dressed as Native Americans, boarded three East India Company ships and dumped 18,000 lbs of tea into the Boston Harbor

  13. The Intolerable Acts • King George III was infuriated • Passed a series of laws • Shut down Boston Harbor • Quartering Act • Allowed British soldiers to be housed in vacant private homes or businesses • Martial Law in Boston • Rule imposed by military forces

  14. Thirteen Colonies • By this time, the colonies had formed buzzing communication networks • Allowed them to communicate information quickly • September 1774 • Committees of correspondence assembled the First Continental Congress

  15. First Continental Congress • 56 delegates met in Philadelphia • Drew up a declaration of colonial rights • Defended the colonies’ right to run their own affairs • Stated that the colonies would fight back if the British used force against them

  16. Minutemen • Eastern New England colonies quietly made military preparations • Stockpiled firearms and gunpowder • Minutemen- civilian soldiers who pledged to be ready to fight in a minute’s notice • British General Thomas Gage • Ordered troops to march from Boston to Concorde and size illegal weapons

  17. The British Are Coming! • April 18, 1775 • Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott spread the word that 700 “redcoats” were coming • Church bells, gunshots, and signals spread from town to town

  18. Fighting at Lexington and Concord • Read the final two paragraphs on p. 50 • Do you think the British underestimated the colonists? • Why or why not?

  19. The Second Continental Congress • May of 1775 • Colonial leaders gathered in Philadelphia to debate their next move • They agreed to recognize the colonial militia as the Continental Army • Appointed George Washington as the commander • Loyalists vs. Patriots • Whose side do you agree with?

  20. Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill) • British General Gage sent 2,400 troops up the hill • Colonists waited until the last minute before striking • Colonist casualties = 450 • British casualties = over 1,000 • Deadliest battle of the war • Mistakenly named the Battle of Bunker Hill

  21. Preparing for War • Colonies readied for a full-scale war • But still hoped for peace • Felt deep loyalty to King George and blamed the bloodshed on the king’s ministers • Olive Branch Petition • Congress sent to King George III hoping to return to the former harmony • The King rejected the offer • Urged Parliament to order a naval blockade on a line of ships heading for America

  22. Public Opinion Shifts  Independence • Due in large part to Enlightenment ideas • John Locke argued that all people have a right to life, liberty, and property • People should choose to obey the government as long as the government safeguards their natural rights • If violated, the people have a natural right to resist

  23. Public Opinion Shifts  Independence • Other reasons • Religious traditions • Supported liberty • Magna Carter • Read 3rd paragraph on p. 52 • What basic rights of Englishmen did the British violate according to the Magna Carta?

  24. Common Sense • Written by Thomas Paine • Attacked King George and the monarchy • Read “A Personal Voice” on p. 52 • Refers to the battles of Lexington and Concord • Benefits of independence: • Freedom of trade • Better society: free from tyranny • Equal social and economic opportunities for all

  25. Declaring Independence • Colonies urged to create their own government • Thomas Jefferson was chosen to prepare the Declaration of Independence • Read p. 53

  26. HW • Create a political cartoon based on an event described in Section 1 • Ex. Battles or congressional meetings..etc. • Should make an argument that you believe in • Not all political cartoons have to be humorous

  27. Movie • Full class period • American History: Road to Revolution

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